Very brief biography of Trotsky

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. The participant in the Civil War and the founder of the Comintern, he played a significant role in the first Soviet government. He was a People's Commissar for Military and Marine Affairs, chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council. He opposed the political line of Joseph Stalin, having made an implacable enemy in his face. Deprived of all posts, titles and privileges was expelled outside the Soviet Union.

He was the fifth child of Bronstein, who were considered wealthy landowners, despite the fact that they reached their status with severe labor. The children in the family were strictly treated. According to Trotsky himself, "it was a grayish childhood in a petty -bourgeois family, in a village, in a deaf corner, where nature is wide, and customs, views, interests are scarce and narrow." Trotsky’s autobiographical memories are fragmentary, but with the details that he was remembered for his life: I recall ...

the early scene in the “white” cuisine. Neither father nor mother is at home. In the kitchen, except for servants and cooks, their guests. The elder brother, Alexander, who arrived on vacation, turns right there. He becomes both legs on a wooden shovel, as if on a stilt, and for a long time he dances on it along the earthen floor of the kitchen. I ask my brother to give me a shovel, make an attempt to climb onto her, fall and cry.

My brother lifts me, kisses me and takes away from the kitchen in my arms ... I almost had no purchased toys in childhood. Since only from Kharkov my mother brought me a paper horse and a ball. With my younger sister, I played homemade dolls. Once Aunt Fenya and Aunt Raisa, his father’s sisters, made us several puppet dolls, and Aunt Fenya brought her eyes, mouth and nose with pencil.

The dolls seemed extraordinary, I remember them now. Lev Davidovich and his childhood insults for relatives who did not fulfill their promises, and his brother, who deprived him of a homemade, but interesting toy for the boy: on one of the winter evenings, Ivan Vasilievich, our driver, cut out and glued a car with windows and on wheels. The older brother, who arrived at Christmas, immediately stated that such a car could be made in two accounts.

He began with the fact that he had stuck my car, armed himself with a ruler, pencil and scissors, drew for a long time, and when he cut off the drawing, he didn’t get away with ... Relatives who were leaving for the city and acquaintances more than once asked me: what to bring you from Elizavetgrad or Nikolaev? My eyes flared up. What would you ask? They came to my aid.

Who offered a horse, some books, some colored pencils, and who skates. Those that promised, forgot about their promise, barely crossing the threshold. And I lived with hope for several weeks, and then I languished for a long time with disappointment. When Lyouve, as he called him, came the time to enter the secondary school, it turned out that he did not have enough years for the first grade, so the new year of birth was inscribed in the metric - having made the boy a year “older”.

Since then, Trotsky has always kept a double score of years - home and official. He entered his studies at the Jewish religious Geder school in Gromokole, where the teacher Shufer taught him to read and write, and also engaged in arithmetic and reading the Bible in Hebrew. As soon as he met letters, Leva began to write poetry: I wrote poetry, helpless lines that exposed, could be early, love for the word, but probably did not foresee poetic development in the future.

An older sister knew about my poems, a mother through her sister, and through a mother, a father. They demanded that I read my poems at a guest. It was painfully embarrassing, but one way or another, I already tasted from the tree of cognition. Life expanded not by the day, but by the clock. From a holey sofa in the dining room, threads to the worlds were drawn. Reading opened a new era in my life.

In the year, Leo was sent to study at the Odessa School of St. Paul. He got up early, drank tea, stuffed breakfast wrapped in paper in his pocket and fled to morning prayer. He was diligent and obedient, studied well, gently moving from class to class. Much later, Trotsky in the autobiography described the director of the school, the physicist of Nikolai Kaminsky. The students were afraid of him as a fire and considered him a actress, who barely restrained irritation, communicating with them.

After graduating from six classes of the school, Lev continued his studies in another city. In the seventh grade, I studied not in Odessa, but in Nikolaev. The city was more provincial, the school stood at a lower level. But the year of teaching in Nikolaev, th, was a turning point in my youth, for he raised the question of me about my place in human society. In Nikolaev, he lived in a family whose members had an interest in socialist teaching and led lively disputes.

At first, the young man denied “socialist utopias” and poured sarcastic arguments against. But, as Trotsky will say later, "the ideas that rushed in the air were stronger than me." After a few months of his life in Nikolaev, he was imbued with left political movements. Lev practically abandoned his studies, communicating with young Marxists, or former exiles who were under police supervision.According to him, he tried to capture new ideas with instincts, but it turned out badly.

Each conversation made him with resentment and bitterness be convinced of his own ignorance. Leo became close to the Czech of Shvigovsky, a gardener who wrote out newspapers, knew the classics, participated in the disputes of the populists with the Marxists. Through him, Trotsky began to receive and read forbidden literature, read everything and is unsystematic, leaning more and more strongly to Marxism.

On this basis, he quarreled with his father, who dreamed that Leo would become an engineer, but in fact it turned out that his son had completely abandoned his studies. Having abandoned parental assistance, the novice revolutionary settled in the “commune”, which was organized by Shvigovsky, and plunged into a new life. The beginning of revolutionary activity in the year Leo finally devoted himself to revolutionary propaganda.

He wrote leaflets and proclamations, played at rallies, participated in the publication of the newspaper. At that time, he took the operational pseudonym of Lviv, and soon became the co -founder of the South Russian Workers' Union, whose members were mostly workers of the Nikolaev shipyards. The workers went to us by gravity, as if at the factories they had been waiting for us for a long time.

Everyone brought a friend, some came with their wives, several elderly workers entered the mugs with their sons. Young and inexperienced leaders, we soon began to choke in the movement we caused. Each word grew a response. On underground readings and conversations, in apartments, in the forest, on the river, 20 - 25 people gathered on the river. Highly qualified workers prevailed, who earned not badly.

At the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant, there was already an eight -hour working day. These workers were not interested in strikes, they were looking for the truth of social relations. At the beginning of the year, the revolutionary Lviv was arrested and imprisoned in the Odessa prison, where he spent two years and almost put his hands on himself. Then his sentence was softened, exiled to the Irkutsk province.

Bronstein became a clerk at the local merchant and collaborated with the Eastern Review newspaper, where he wrote articles under the pseudonym of the Antid OT. Having inscribed in the passport form the name of the overseer of the Odessa prison, the lion turned into Trotsky and later seemed like that. In the summer of the year, the revolutionary was in London, where he met one of the leaders of the Social Democrats Vladimir Ulyanov.

Trotsky became the active author of the Iskra newspaper, where he handed over materials under the pseudonym Pen. Trotsky’s popularity grew, he gained more and more attention of supporters of the Bolshevik movement, then joined the Mensheviks, and then completely refused to participate in various factions, developing his own ideology. Lev Davidovich was a member of the second congress of the RSDLP, and in the year he illegally returned to St.

Petersburg, where he headed the underground Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies. According to him, at that time he worked a lot: except for the “Russian newspaper” and “Beginning”, I wrote also an editorial in Izvestia, the official body of the Council, as well as numerous appeals, manifestos and resolutions.

Fifty -two days of the existence of the first council were saturated with work to capacity: the Council, the Executive Committee, continuous rallies and three newspapers. As we lived in this whirlpool, it is unclear to me myself. The publication of the financial manifesto of the Council of Workers' Deputies, published in December, cost Trotsky deprivation of all civil rights and eternal exile to Siberia.

The manifesto began with the words of the government on the edge of bankruptcy. It turned the country into ruins and dotted them with corpses and called for civil disobedience, a permanent socialist revolution, which "begins in the national arena, develops on the international and ends on the world." Trotsky did not reach Siberia, again fled abroad. For ten years, he lived in Europe and the States, published in Vienna the newspaper Pravda, which positioned itself as a social democratic, without supporting any of the factions.

When the First World War began in the year, the newspaper “migrated” to the Bolsheviks, and Lev Davidovich moved to Paris, where he took up the release of the newspaper “Our Word” and simultaneously collaborated with the publication “Kiev Thought” as a military commissar. The revolution and the intra -party struggle with the outbreak of World War I took an anti -war position and became the author of the manifesto, in which the war was unambiguously called the "imperialist", and everything ended with a call to the struggle for the world without annexations and indemnities.

The manifesto was adopted by socialists following the results of the Tsimmerval Conference September to the French authorities, the activities of Trotsky were not like, in the year he was forcibly sent from Paris to Spain. There he was arrested, deported in the USA, where he again began to cooperate with emigrant publications. Having learned about the February Revolution in Russia, Lev Davidovich returned to Petrograd and soon created the military revolutionary committee.

In October, he stood at the head of the armed uprising, the result of which was the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the coming to the power of the Bolshevik party led by Lenin. Trotsky took the position of People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, and a year later he headed the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs, immediately taking a tough position against violators of the military charter, the deserters later called it “red terror”.

He gradually turned the inconsistent volunteer army into a powerful force, introducing universal military service, with dragon methods, restoring discipline and one -man. By the end of the Civil War, his authority was indisputable. Having believed in his influence, after the death of Lenin in the year, Trotsky hoped to stand at the head of the Soviet leadership, but lost the intra -party struggle.

Joseph Stalin began to lead the country, who tried his best to eliminate Lev Davidovich from the government. Trotsky at that time headed the united opposition, which included Lev Kamenev, Grigory Zinoviev and other disagreements with the Stalinist course.