Biography Robert Tolmen

Richard Chase Tolmen Eng. Richard Chacc Tolman, March 4-September 5-American mathematician physicist and physico-chemist, specializing in statistical mechanics. He also made an important contribution to theoretical cosmology in the period following the discovery of Einstein common relativity. He was a professor of physical chemistry and mathematical physics at the California Technological Institute.

Tolmen was born in the village of West-Nyuton, Massachusetts. His brother, Edward Chase Tolmen, became a famous Bichevorist psychologist. Richard studied chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Technological Institute, he received a bachelor's degree in the year and the degree of a doctor of philosophy in the period from the years he worked at universities of Michigan, Cincinnati, Berkeley and Illinois.

In the year, he introduced the concept of relativistic mass, writing down that "the expression is most suitable for the [this] mass of the moving body." The by -product of the experiment was the measured mass of the electron. However, in general, Tolmen is known, first of all, as a theorist. In the year, Tolmen was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

One of Tolmen's students in Kaltha was Lynus Poling, who listened to his course to wave quantum mechanics. In the year, Tolmen published a textbook on statistical mechanics called “statistical mechanics and its use in physics and chemistry” [3], based on the old theory of quantum mechanics Max Planck, Niels Bor and Arnold Zommerfeld. In the year, he wrote a completely new book, “The Principles of Statistical Mechanics” [4], which in detail exploring the use of statistical mechanics both to classical and quantum systems.

This textbook remained basic in this subject for many years, and is still of interest these days.

In the next years of his career, Tolmen was extremely interested in the use of thermodynamics for relativistic systems and in cosmology, which resulted in writing the monograph “Theory of relativity, thermodynamics and cosmology” [5]. This book shows that the radiation of an absolutely black body in an expanding universe cools down, but remains thermal - which was an important result for determining the properties of background cosmic radio radiation.

His study of the hypothesis of the oscillating universe proposed by Einstein in the year caused a decline in interest in it until the end of the 10s. During the Second World War, he served as a scientific adviser under General Leslie Grovsa in the Manhattan project, and was also the vice-chairman of the National Committee of Defense Studies. In honor of the scientist, a medal was established annually, presented by the South California branch of the American Chemical Society "as a sign of an outstanding contribution to chemistry." Bibliography of the book: Tolman R.

Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology. Modern reprint: Dover Publications, Dubovik and V. Ignatovich; Ed. Modern reprint: M. The Principles of Statistical Mechanics. Non-Newtonian Mechanics. The Mass of a Moving Body English. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the source on July 31, verified May 15