Stepun biography

Born in the family of the director of the pussy factories. After graduating from a private real school in Moscow, he entered the University of Heidelberg, where he studied philosophy, political economy, law, theory and history of art for seven years. He defended his dissertation on the philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov. He participated in the organization of the publication of the international almanac on the philosophy of culture “Logos”, heading, returning to Moscow, his Russian editorial office along with S.

Gessen and B. traveled a lot in Russia, acting with lectures on philosophy, aesthetics, the theory of literature as a member of the “Bureau of Provincial Lecturers”. He participated in the First World War in the rank of warrant officer. After the February Revolution, he was the head of the political department of the military ministry. After the October Revolution, being drafted into the Red Army, he participated in the civil war, wounded.

In –20, the literary and artistic director of the “demonstration Theater of Revolution” in Moscow was removed from work for ideological reasons. Sent from Russia to the SO worked at the Department of Sociology of the University of Dresden, fired by the Nazis with a ban on writing and speaking publicly. S for participating in the publication of the New City magazine, published in Paris.

I read lecture courses at the sociology of the Russian revolution and the history of Russian symbolism at the University of Munich. His lectures were held in crowded audiences, gathering listeners from all faculties. Creative communication with Stepun sometimes forced his German colleagues to ask the issue of the scale of the Russian pre -revolutionary culture, if the “not its most famous figure” seemed to them a “titanium”.

Truth, according to Stepun, is not a “subject” of knowledge, but the “atmosphere”, which the thinker breathes and which he must radiate his personality. Christianity has discovered for us the world of fertile communication, the ability to see another in the atmosphere and rays of truth. The philosopher "thinks with his eyes." He, like the poet, is a “thickener” who helps people see the sensual appearance of truth.

The deepest essence of Bolshevism, according to Stepun, is “an attempt to repay the image of Christ in the soul of the people”, depriving people of the ability to see the truth directly and distinguish it from lies. But in the same way there is a “empty” liberalism, tearing freedom from truth and trying to carry out the “Christian program” with pagan hands.

Only a Christian person is able to prevent the growth of evil in the inevitable in politics. Radical personalism permeates the philosophy, sociology, and the artistic work of Stepun. Sobolev new philosophical encyclopedia.

In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Stepun Fedor Augustovich - Russian philosopher, culturologist, historian, writer. He studied philosophy at the University of Heidelberg at Windelband in defending his doctoral dissertation in historiosophy of V., one of the editors of the Logos magazine, published in Russia as a literary and theater critic. During the war, he was mobilized into the army.

After the February Revolution, he took up political and journalistic activities, worked in the Provisional Government. After October, he collaborated in the newspapers of the Right Socialist Revolutionaries, was drafted into the Red Army. He participated in the work of the spiritual culture created by Berdyaev, worked in the theater. Sent from Russia, settled in Dresden, was engaged in teaching.

In his teaching and journalistic activities, a ban was imposed. C - member of the editorial office of the magazine "New City". One of the ideologists of "Novogradism" is the forms of Christian socialism. In, as a result of the bombardment of Dresden, his archive and the library were killed. He taught the history of Russian philosophy at the University of Munich Headed the Department of Russian Culture.

Actively joined the life of the second wave of Russian emigration. It was published in the magazines: “New Way”, “City”, “Bridges”, “Experiments” and others. The main works are articles in “Logos”: “Tragedy of creativity”, “The tragedy of mystical consciousness”, etc. In the middle of X survived a serious spiritual crisis, which led to a revision of views based on a religious worldview.

If in the first period of S.'s work, S.'s philosophical constructions in his initial attitude to S. Solovyov as a positive all -unity. According to S., the movement in the depths of experience to the Absolute outside manifests itself in the creation of cultural values ​​movement to the pole of culture. Thus, according to S., the tragedy of the sacrifice of creativity as a special form of objectification, most fully realized in art.

According to S., however, the direct comprehension of God "prohibits the creative gesture" - the direct knowledge of God eliminates culture. All his life, a person is doomed to solve this dilemma: to try to keep his integrity unanimity and express it in the variety of its manifestations by many people; Aware of yourself as a fact of given and as a task. Depending on the solution of the solution, C.

Creativity creates: and the values ​​of the state that organize and streamlining life personality, love, nation, family and the objective values ​​of the benefit of science, scientific philosophy, morality, law, art.In culture, a privileged position is occupied by art thanks to the unity of content and form, in art - the theater thanks to the unity of the actor and the viewer.

Art is symbolic, it expresses the idea not unequivocally, but multi -meaning. Comprehending symbolism, the artist in artistic images “jumps out” and “highlights” the ideas laid down in it, “returning” the concreteness of the world to God. A person needs not a “point of view”, but a “vision of the world”, which embraces the world in integrity “sympathetic vision”.

The vision, from the point of view of S., a special place in S.'s work is inclined to consider Bolshevism “soil” and primary, and not an accidental and “superficial” phenomenon of Russian culture. The Bolsheviks, according to S., with all their personally negative attitude to the revolution, C. Catastrophic eras interrupt the illusory being, give rise to the "religious spirit" of catastrophic art, set impulses to the movement towards the Absolute.

Abushenko is the latest philosophical dictionary. Gritsanov A. Minsk, Stepun Fedor Augustovich 6 studied philosophy at Headelberg University in Germany under the leadership of V. Windelbanda, was a convinced neo-Kantian and at the same time “from the very beginning, he was looking for ways to religious and mystical addition to the transcendental philosophy” of Memory of S. Dutor's dissertation of Stepuna is dedicated to W.

Leipzig. He returned to Russia for a year, published in the philosophical “Logos”, “Labor and Days”, socio -political, literary “Russian Thought”, “Northern Notes” and theatrical “Studio”, “Masks” of magazines, which determined the main theme of his research - the attitude of creativity to life and culture and methods of its implementation. The most important among others was the article “Life and Creativity” Logos.

As a literary and theatrical critic, Stepun defended the religious and realistic symbolism - the understanding of art is not as a reflection of the visible world, but as a designation of the world of the invisible. In the same years, Stepun conducted active socio-cultural work participation in editing the Logos magazine, the leadership of the aesthetic seminar at the Musaget publishing house, lecture work in the Prechistan working courses and in the bureau of provincial lecturers.

Stepun’s political pro -Escapers are reflected with the beginning of the February Revolution. Stepun is a delegate of the All-Russian Council of Workers and Soldiers' Deputies, editor of the newspaper of the political department of the military ministry of the Provisional Government “Disabled” renamed the “Army and Fleet of Free Russia”, the head of the cultural and educational department of the same ministry.

After the October Revolution, Stepun collaborated in the newspapers of the Renaissance and Son of the Fatherland Right Socialist Revolutionaries, participated in the work of the Free Academy of Spiritual Culture created by Berdyaev, published a collection “Roseknik”, and was in charge of the literary part of the first state demonstration theater, and worked in the theoretical section of the Theo of the People's Commissariat of People's Commissariats.

The cool of his interests included the problems of philosophical anthropology and philosophy of culture, which found expression in the publications in the magazines Theater Review, the Art of Theater, the collection “Oswald Spengler and the Sunset of Europe”. In the year, Stepun was sent to Germany. Living in Berlin, he taught at the Religious and Philosophical Academy, published in the journal Modern Notes the Cycle of Articles Thoughts of Russia, the novel Nikolai Pereslegin, literary and critical essays about V.

Ivanov, I. Bunin, and many reviews. In the year, his first books “The main problems of the theater” and “Life and creativity” were published, composed of articles previously published in Russian periodicals. In these years, there was a change in his views on religion. If before the revolution he comprehended Christianity “in the spirit of religious-symbolist marks of the deep fate of the world”, now he refuses “philosophizing Christianity” and accepts the religion of the living God.

Since the year, Stepun is a professor of sociology of the cultural and scientific department of the Dresden Polytechnic. From the years - a member of the editorial office of the magazine "New City" and one of the ideologists of the "Novograd Movement" in the Russian abroad. Stepun formulates his socio-political credo as a synthesis of the Christian idea of ​​truth, the humanistic and educational idea of ​​political freedom and the socialist idea of ​​economic justice.

During the Great Patriotic War, Stepun took a patriotic position. In the year, during the bombing of Dresden, his library and archive died.