Tutankhamun biography briefly

As Tutankhamun from the mediocre pharaoh turned into the killer of archaeologists and promoter of the cigarette, the amazing adventures of King of Tuta three thousand years after the death of Vladislav Burd on February 16, the history of ancient Egypt, has 31 dynasties of the pharaohs, and no one knows the number of pharaohs themselves. However, the most famous of them today is exactly Tutankhamun.

Although he was not a great conqueror, reformer or builder. They even buried him in one of the smallest tombs, until the year 16 of the year, the English archaeologist Howard Carter did not open the door of the funeral chamber and glorified it to the whole world. The young pharaoh “Under the current state of our knowledge, we can say with confidence that the only noticeable event of his life was that he died and was buried,” Howard Carter said in the year.

Later studies have shown that the verdict of the archaeologist is somewhat exaggerated. His ancestors brought the ancient Egypt to the peak of power and conquered the surrounding states, and his father distinguished himself with a radical religious reform. Trying to weaken the power of the priests, he forbade reading the old gods, introduced the cult of the new main deity of Aton, and even changed his name in his honor - instead of Amenhotep became Achnaton.

His son did not go on campaigns, and his father’s reform, because of which many enemies were acquired. At the beginning of the reign, he was renamed Tutankhaton to Tutankhamun, restored the honor of the old gods, returned the privileges to their priests and began to restore closed temples. More remarkable for nine years of reign, Faral did not distinguish. And the return to the old orders, most likely, was not the merit of Tutankhamun, but his advisers.

The fact is that he took a little guy on the throne - about the age of the age of age, and by the time of death he turned a maximum of 19 years. On the way to glory, why then is Tutankhamun so famous? You can answer this question by paraphrasing the crankcase: because he was buried, and they could not find his grave for a long time. And it is not only about archaeologists.

At first, the pharaohs were buried in the pyramids, then in the crypts hollowed out in the rocks of the Kings Valley. And even in the era of Ancient Egypt, these tombs became the target of looters. They were repeatedly robbed, taking away more or less expensive things. When archaeologists began to explore the burial in the 19th century, at best they found mummies and household items that did not constitute values ​​for robbers.

However, Tutankhamun's tomb survived. Pharaoh died at a young age and, according to most researchers, unexpectedly. Therefore, for him they did not have time to hide the personal tomb and buried in the basement prepared for one of the officials a rank below and, accordingly, a smaller size. Then they completely forgot about his grave-Tutankhamun did not enjoy authority in the next generations.

The entrance to the tomb was overwhelmed with stone fragments and built by the houses of workers. In the XIX century, archaeologists became interested in the valley of the kings and before the next century, it seemed that everything that was possible was excavated there. However, Howard Carter was convinced that somewhere in the sands the unharmed tomb of Tutankhamun was still hidden, in the historicity of which many did not believe at all.

Having enlisted the financial support of the British Lord Carnarvon, he began many years of excavation. True, in the first 15 years, Carter dug up only a few pots and two houses of ancient builders. And then, as often happens with big discoveries, there was a happy case. The vodosono boy accidentally noticed a step in the sand at the ruins of ancient houses, which, as it turned out, led to the tomb.

In it, several coffins lay into each other and in the last - from pure gold - the mummy of Tutankhamun was stored. Never before or after archaeologists were able to make such discoveries. The inner chambers of the tombs, which the looters did not get to, stored more than 5 thousand. Superstar news about the opening immediately became a sensation and attracted the attention of journalists from around the world.

Carnarvon sold exclusive rights to cover the excavations of the British newspaper The Times, but other publications also did not want to lag behind and sent their correspondents to the place. As a result, in Luxor, closest to the valley of the kings of the city, the ambulance station was reformatted under the press center, and army tents were installed near two hotels for journalists who did not have enough seats in the rooms.

Europe and America had experienced a surge of interest in ancient exotic before, and after the opening of the tomb, this interest turned into a real mania - “Temany”. Nobody knew almost nothing about Pharaoh, but the “king is here”, as he was called in the press, became a real superstar and healed a new life. It is shouted on the streets, whisper in hotels, fall asleep and wake up with it.

The stores sell ashtrays with Tutankhamun, Tutankhamun hats and photographs with Tutankhamun, and Tutankhamun’s real treasures will probably be sold, ”The New York Times wrote in the year.The posters with the pharaoh were advertised by Shell gasoline, Singer sewing machines and W. tobacco cigarettes did not go around this topic on film studios. Already in the year two films were released at once - “Oh, mummy” and “Nile dancer”.

The first one talked about a fraudster who hid in the Tutankhamun sarcophagus, because of which he was confused with the mummy and tried to revive electric shock. The second is about the acquaintance of the pharaoh with his wife. The Modmania also influenced the world of fashion. Makeup in the ancient Egyptian style became popular, the hieroglyphs decorated clothes, furniture and buildings, and Cartier jewelled his jewelry for artifacts found in the tomb.

In the X years, this hobby has fallen to decline, but only to appear with renewed vigor after 40 years. In the year, 50 valuable finds from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including the famous gold posthumous mask, were taken on a world tour. It began with London, where the exhibition was opened by Queen Elizabeth II. First, to Moscow and Leningrad, and from January to March they were exhibited in Kyiv in the current National Art Museum.

For four months in the capital of Ukraine, she was visited by thousands. In total, more than 10 million people came to look at the treasures. In the next decades, they were sent several times on such a tour. The last of them was interrupted by the pandemic in the year. The legend man while archaeologists studied the tomb, journalists and conspiracy thes invented legends. The most famous of them about the curse of the pharaohs is the inevitable death that threatens people who have disturbed ancient graves.

The myth of the terrible pharaohs of the Militias created much earlier. Back in the year, British writer Jane Laudon released the three -volume novel “Mummy! One of the central characters of the book, written in the genre of science fiction, was Pharaoh Heops, who was revived with the help of advanced technologies, after which he tried to capture England. In the next decades, several more works with mummies are in the main roles appeared.

So, when archaeologists first opened an inviolable tomb, the audience was ready to believe in a terrible legend. And already on April 5, when Lord Carnarvon died in Cairo, she received confirmation of a terrible theory. The cause of death was called blood infection, but the seekers of the sensations unanimously spoke about the curse. The same theory was confirmed by self -proclaimed experts on the afterlife.

One of them was Arthur Conan Doyle. The author of the stories about Sherlock Holmes at the end of his life was carried away by spiritualism and claimed that the Lord was aimed at the evil spirits. In the next five years, several more participants in the archaeological expedition died, several more deaths were simply invented and the actions of the curse were attributed to all of them.

In England, the death of Carnarwon caused panic among the collectors of Egyptian artifacts: they began to be massively handed over to the museum. And in the USA, the horror film “Mummy” was released in the year, which later survived several remakes. His script belongs to the former journalist John Balderman, who once wrote reports from the excavations of the tomb of Tutankhamun.

Over time, hysteria around the curse went on decline, but among connoisseurs of mystical theories such as the Bermuda triangle or the prophecies of Nostradamus, it continues to be popular. And this despite the fact that the head of the expedition Carter lived after the opening for another 16 years and died at the summer from cancer. Richard Adamson, a member of the expedition, which for almost seven years guarded the funeral camera around the clock, generally died in the year.

The curse of the pharaohs is the most famous legend associated with Tutankhamun, but not the only one. No less interesting concerns musical instruments - two pipes that were found in the tomb. In the year, the BBC journalist Egyptologist Rex Kitting invited the leadership of the Cairo Egyptian Museum to play them live on them. The first attempt was unsuccessful.

One of the pipes even cracked. However, on April 16, the British trumpeter James Tappern played on both instruments on the international radio station. The unusual melody of the million people around the world listened to the unusual melody. And four months later the Second World War began, so that fans of mysticism called the pipes to the harbinger of war. This time, even professional archaeologists got into defense of legends.

Hala Hassan, the keeper of the Tutankhamun collection in the Cairo Museum, told local journalists that every time someone blows into pipes, war begins. According to her, in the year on the eve of the seven -day war and in the year before the revolution in Egypt, the museum employee decided to blow in them. And in the year before the war in the Persian Gulf, such recklessness was allowed by the student who examined the collection.

So now the museum is closely monitored so that no one decides to repeat this experiment. We hope that it will be so. This is not a retrograde Mercury. Scho strokes.