Biography Ivan 4

Latest news biography Ivan the Terrible is the first king of all Rus', known for his barbaric and incredibly rigid methods of government. Despite this, his reign is considered significant for the state, which, thanks to the foreign and domestic policy of Grozny, has become twice as much in its territory. The first Russian ruler was an imperious and very evil monarch, but managed to achieve a lot in the international political arena, supporting in his state a total sole dictatorship, saturated with executions, opals and terror for any disobedience of power.

He was the eldest son of his parents, so he became the first throne of his father, who was supposed to be replaced by reaching adulthood. But he had to become the nominal king of all Rus' at the age of 3, since Vasily III seriously fell ill and died suddenly. After 5 years, his mother died at the future king, as a result of which he remained a complete orphan at the age of 8.

Then, considering the successor to an incomprehensible child, the trustees did not pay any attention to him, mercilessly killed his friends and kept the future king in poverty, up to deprivation of food and clothing. This raised in him aggression and cruelty, which in his youth was manifested in the desire to torment animals, and in the future the entire Russian people.

At that time, the country was ruled by the princes of the Belsky and Shuisky, the nobleman Mikhail Vorontsov and the relatives of the future ruler on the maternal line Glinsky. Their rule was marked for all Rus' by a careless order of the State Property, which Ivan the Terrible very clearly understood. Then the boyars began to be afraid of the king, the power over the country was completely concentrated in the hands of the Glinsky, who began to please the throne with all their might, raising animal instincts in him.

At the same time, the future king devoted a lot of time to self -education, read many books, which made him the most well -read ruler of those times. Then, being the powerless hostage of the temporary rulers, he hated the whole world, and his main idea was to obtain complete and nothing unlimited power over people, which he put above any laws of morality. The reign and reform in the year, when Ivan the Terrible reached the age of majority, he became a full -fledged king.

His first political decision was the desire to get married in the kingdom, which gave him the right to be the mating and heritage of the traditions of the Orthodox faith. At the same time, this tsarist title became useful for the country's foreign policy, as it allowed us to take another position in diplomatic relations with Western Europe and apply for Russia to first place among European states.

Tsar Ivan Vasilievich Grozny. The next 10 years, the king of all Rus' devoted to global reform-Ivan the Terrible carried out the Zemsky reform, which formed the estate and representative monarchy in the country, adopted a new judiciary, which tightened the rights of all peasants and slaves, introduced labial reform that redistributed the powers of volosts and governors in favor of the nobility.

In the year, the ruler distributed a “chosen” of the Moscow noble estates within 70 km from the Russian capital and formed the Streletsky Army, which armed firearms. The same period was marked by the enslavement of the peasants and the ban on the entry of Jewish merchants to Russia. He personally participated in campaigns and already in the year took control of Kazan and Astrakhan, and then joined Russia as part of the Siberian lands.

In the year, the monarch began to organize trade relations with England, and after 5 years he entered the war with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in which he suffered a loud defeat and lost part of the Russian lands.

After a loss in the war, Ivan the Terrible began to look for the guilty in defeat, broke the legislative relations and chosen by Rada and embarked on a path of autocracy filled with repression, opals and executions of all who did not support his policy. Oprichnina’s reign of Ivan the Terrible in the second stage became even more tough and bloody. In the year, he introduced a special form of government, as a result of which Russia was divided into two parts - the oprichnina and zemstvos.

The guardsmen, who took the oath of allegiance to the king, fell under his complete autocracy and could not communicate with the Zemsky, who paid the lion's share of their income to the monarch. They were allowed to arrange the robberies and pogroms of the boyars by violently, and in the case of resistance they were allowed to mercilessly execute and kill all those who disagree with the sovereign.

In the year, when the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey invaded Rus', Ivan the Terrible oprichnina demonstrated the full incapacity of the state to protect the state-the guardsmen, which were packed by the ruler, simply did not go to the war, and from the entire large army the tsar managed to collect only one regiment, which could not resist the army of the Crimean Khan. As a result, Ivan the Terrible canceled the oprichnina, stopped killing people and even ordered to compose memorial lists of executed people so that their souls were funeral in monasteries.

Moscow dawn. The end of the XVI century.The monarch realized that, managing the country, he made many mistakes not only in the domestic, but also in foreign policy, which, by the end of the reign, made Ivan the Terrible repent. During this period, he committed another bloody crime and, in moments of rage, accidentally killed his own son and the only possible throne of Ivan Ivanovich.

After that, the king was completely desperate and even wanted to go to the monastery. Personal life of Ivan the Terrible is also saturated as his rule. According to historians, the first king of all Rus' was married seven times. The first wife of the monarch was Anastasia Zakharyina-Yuryev, with whom he got married in the year. In more than 10 years of marriage, the queen gave birth to six children, of which only Ivan and Fedor survived.

In the first year of marital life with the monarch, the second wife gave birth to a son to him, who died at a month. After that, Ivan the Terrible’s interest in his wife disappeared, and after 8 years Maria herself died. The third wife of Ivan the Terrible Martha Sobakin was the daughter of the Kolomensky nobleman. Their wedding took place in the year. The third marriage of the king lasted only 15 days - Maria died for unknown reasons.

After 6 months, the king again married Anna Koltovskaya. This marriage was also childless, and after a year of family life his fourth wife, the king enclosed his wife in a monastery, where she died in the year. In the year, he again married Anna Vasilchikova, who did not stay for a long time as the queen - she, like her predecessors, suffered the fate of being forcibly exiled to the monastery, supposedly for treason to the king.

The last, seventh wife of Ivan the Terrible was Maria Nagai, who married him in the year. Two years later, the queen gave birth to Tsarevich Dmitry, who died at the age of 9. Maria, after the death of her husband, was exiled to Uglich with the new king, and then forcibly tonsured in the nun. She became a significant figure in Russian history as the mother of False Dmitry, whose short rule was at a vague time.

The ruler died in a game of chess from the growth of osteophytes, which in recent years have made it almost motionless. Nervous shocks, an unhealthy lifestyle and this serious ailment made Ivan the Terrible in his 53 years a “decrepit” old man, which led to such an early death. The documentary "Ivan the Terrible. The myth of the bloody tyrant" Ivan the Terrible was buried next to his son Ivan in the Arkhangelsk Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin.

After the burial of the monarch, stubborn rumors began to appear that the king died for a violent, and not a natural death. Chroniclers claim that Ivan the Terrible was poisoned by Boris Godunov, who after him became the ruler of Rus'. The version of the poisoning of the first monarch was checked in the year during the autopsy of the tsarist tombs - the researchers did not find in the remains of the high content of arsenic, so the murder of Ivan the Terrible was not confirmed.

On this, the Rurikovich dynasty was completely stopped, and a troubled time began in the country. Memory is such a bright historical figure cannot but arouse the interest of subsequent generations. Many books have been written about the era of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, dozens of films and series were shot, both documentary and feature. One of the most striking cinemas of the Grand Tsar was the image in the multi -part project "Terrible", published in M.