Dmitry Alekseevich Milyutin Biography

Dmitry Milyutin - biography, news, personal life Age: From the birthday of death: 95 years old Count Dmitry Alekseevich Milyutin. Born on June 28 on July 10 in Moscow - died on January 25 on February 7 in Simeiz of the Tauride province. Russian military historian and theorist. The military minister of Russia is the main developer and conductor of military reform of the 10ths.

The last Field Marshal of Russia on August 16 Dmitry Milyutin was born on June 28 on July 10 in the new style of the year in Moscow. Father - Alexey Mikhailovich Milyutin, his family received noble dignity under Peter I for the construction of the first silk factory in Moscow. The younger brother is Nikolai Alekseevich Milyutin, statesman of the Russian Empire, one of the main developers of the peasant reform of the year; Secret Counselor, Senator on April 21, State Secretary on January 1, a member of the State Council from January 1.

The younger brother is Vladimir Alekseevich Milyutin, an economist, publicist, historian. The younger brother is Boris Alekseevich Milyutin, Russian military lawyer and writer, actual state adviser. He studied at the Moscow provincial gymnasium. Then he entered the Moscow University noble boarding house, where he studied in years and showed great abilities for mathematics.

At the age of 16, he compiled and published a "guide to shoot plans." The course of study at the university boarding house graduated on October 31 with the right to the rank of GO class and with a rewarding of a silver medal. From December 7 to December 12, he studied at the practical department of the Imperial Military Academy. At the end of the course at the Military Academy for excellent success in their studies, Dmitry Alekseevich was assigned the rank of lieutenant, with an attitude to the General Staff, awarding a small silver medal and entering his name on the Academy Marble Board.

He wrote a number of articles on the military and mathematical departments in the "Encyclopedic Lexion" of Plyushar and the "military encyclopedic vocabulary" of Zeddeler. Also translated from the French language notes of Saint-Sira. I printed the article "Suvorov as a commander." In the Caucasus on February 21, Milyutin was sent to a separate Caucasian corps. Since May 9, he took part in a military operation under the command of Lieutenant General Grabbe P.

Since June 12, he participated in numerous skirmishes with the highlanders during the siege of the Akhulgo castle, at that time Shamil’s residence: June 19 - in the battle during the reconnaissance of the old castle, June 24 - in the battle near the Sagryatlokh bridge, June 29 and July 4 - in the assault and capture of the Surkhaev Tower, on July 16 in the assault on the new castle, July 29 and 30, July 29 and 30 - In the battles near Cherkat, on August 17 - in the assault on the fortifications in front of the new castle, on August 22 and 23 - in the assault and the capture of the old and new Akhulgo castles.

For excellent service in the year, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree and the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow, on December 6, he was promoted to headquarters, and on February 9, for Akhulgo, in captains and was awarded the highest grace. From September to October, he was on vacation, which he traveled around Europe. The purpose of the vacation was to treat the injured.

From November 20 to December 31, he consisted for military orders at the commander of a separate Caucasian corps. Being in the Caucasus, he compiled and in the year printed "an instruction for the occupation, defense and attack of forests, buildings, villages and other local objects." In the year he was the executive of the chief quartermaster of the Chechen detachment. During the campaign in June - July, he participated in numerous skirmishes and battles with the highlanders.

In early August, “for a perfect health disorder”, he was sent to Stavropol, and on November 10, he was fired from correcting the post of chief-quartermaster of the Caucasian line and was appointed to be at the disposal of the Minister of War and the Privateurs General of the General Staff. At the Imperial Military Academy on January 3, Milyutin was appointed professor of the Imperial Military Academy in the Department of Military Geography since the year - military statistics that existed at the Academy since its founding G.

Zhomini in the year. In the years, his main scientific work came out - “The history of the war of G. on this topic was previously working by the military historian A. Mikhailovsky -Danilevsky, who died, who only managed to start the study. According to the highest command, the continuation of the work was entrusted to Milyutin. The Academy of Sciences awarded him a complete Demidov Prize and elected Milyutin as a corresponding member.

Translation into German Chr. At the same time, from December 19, he was a member of the scientist of the Main Directorate of Messages and Public Buildings. During the Crimean War in October, he was appointed clerk of the Special Committee on measures to protect the coast of the Baltic Sea, in February, a member of the commission to improve the military unit, in April of the year - a member of the Committee on strengthening the points of the Baltic Territory, and in May - a member of the Committee on the arrangement of the Junker in army corps.

Baryatinsky, appointed the chief of the chief headquarters of the troops in the Caucasus, from December 6 - chief of the main headquarters of the Caucasian Army.Together with Baryatinsky, he developed and conducted a reorganization of the Caucasian army, introduced a clear structure of the troops, developed a thoughtful plan for consistent military operations.

Both military leaders achieved the transfer of all combat rifle units to rifled weapons. The result of these events was the lesson and strong consolidation in a short time of Mountain Dagestan and Chechnya, the military and political collapse of Shamil’s power. During the campaign of the year, from July 4, he was part of the Chechen and Dagestan detachments, participated in campaigns and battles with the highlanders, including when occupying the aul of Tando and master the fortified village of Gunib, where Shamil was captured.

In May, in the year, as part of the Sapsug detachment, he participated in the campaigns and skirmishes on the rivers Il and Kulin. The military minister on August 6 was granted the Adjutant General to his imperial majesty, and a year later, on August 30, his appointment was followed by a comrade of the Minister of War. From November 22 - member of the Committee on the Affairs of the Kingdom of Poland.

Being in the post of Minister of War for twenty years, he acted from the very beginning of his administrative activity a decisive, convinced and persistent advocate of the renewal of Russia in the spirit of those principles of justice and equality that captured the liberation reforms of Emperor Alexander II. He needed to reorganize the entire structure and management of the army, all sides of the military life, which had long been in many ways back from the requirements of life.

In anticipation of the indigenous reform, Milyutin, extremely burdened for the recruitment people's service, began the highest command to reduce military service from 25 years to 16 and other relief. At the same time, he took a number of measures to improve the life of the soldiers - their food, dwelling, uniforms, the training of soldiers of literacy was started, manual reprisals with soldiers were prohibited and the use of pink is limited.

Reforms in the army in the State Council of Milyutin have always belonged to the most enlightened supporters of the transformative movement of the 10th years. His influence on the publication of the law on April 17 on the abolition of brutal criminal punishments - spitzutinov, lashes, rosen, branding, riveting to the cart, etc., when considering the trials, Milyutin, stood entirely for the strict conduct of the basics of rational proceedings.

As soon as new vowel courts were opened, he considered it necessary to develop a new military-court charter of May 15 for the military department, which was fully consistent with the basic principles of judicial charters, orality, publicity, and adversarial beginning. The law on the seal of the year met a strict critic in Milyutin.

He found the simultaneous existence of publications subject to preliminary censorship, and the publications released from it, rebelled against the concentration of power over the seal in the person of the Minister of Internal Affairs and wanted a decision on the press to put a collegial and completely independent institution. The main measure of Milyutin was the introduction of universal military service.

The higher classes of society brought up on privileges were not very sympathetic to this reform. The merchants were even called, if they were released from duty, to maintain disabled people at their own expense. In the year, a special commission was formed for the development of the issue, and on January 1, the highest manifesto on the introduction of universal military service took place.

Rescript of Emperor Alexander II in the name of Milyutin dated January 11, instructed the minister to execute the law "in the same spirit in which he was drawn up." This circumstance favorably distinguishes the fate of military reform from peasant. The desire to spread the enlightenment is especially characterized by the military charter of the year. Milyutin was generous with the provision of benefits by education for persons who had a university diploma.

He proposed limiting their valid service for 3 months. In this regard, the implacable opponent of Milyutin was the Minister of Education Count D. Tolstoy, who proposed limiting the valid service of the 1st year and equalize the course at universities with the course of 6 classes of classical gymnasiums. Thanks to the energetic and skillful defense of Milyutin, the project was held entirely in the State Council; Count Tolstoy could not introduce a dedication of military service by the time of passing the university course.

Directly for the spread of education among Milyutin’s troops, a lot was also done. In addition to the publication of books and magazines for soldier's reading, measures were taken to develop the training of soldiers. In addition to training teams, in which a 3-year course was installed in the year, company schools were instituted, general rules for training, etc. were published in the year.

Both the secondary and higher military schools were subjected to transformations, and Milyutin sought to free them from premature specialization, expanding their program in the spirit of general education, expelling old pedagogical techniques, replacing the cadet corps with military gymnasiums. Junker schools were established in the year.The number of military educational institutions was generally increased, increased the level of scientific requirements for production to officers.

The Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff received new rules, an additional course was arranged under it. The law officer classes founded by Milyutin in the year were renamed the Military Law Academy. He founded female medical courses, which in the Russian-Turkish war of years acquitted hopes entrusted to them. This institution was soon closed upon the exit of Milyutin from the ministry.

A number of measures are extremely important to reorganize the hospital and sanitary units in the troops that have favorably withdrawn troops. Officer borrowed capital and the military-meter cash desk were reformed by Milyutin, officer assemblies were organized, the military organization of the army was changed, the military-building system was established on August 6, personnel were reorganized, and intensive care was reorganized.

In the Russo-Turkish war of the years, the young transformed army, brought up without a rose, in the spirit of humanity, brilliantly met the expectations of converters. During the Russo-Turkish War, he was at the Danube Theater of Military operations in the retinue of Emperor Alexander II. He especially showed himself after the failure of the third storm of Plevna, when the Commander -in -Chief of the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich and the emperor already actually decided to withdraw the army from the Plevna and remove the siege.

In long -term negotiations, Milyutin managed to convince both of them to continue the siege of Plevna so as not to lose all the fruits of previous victories, and on September 13, he made a convincing speech at the military council, bowing to his parties and most of the generals. The highest rescript of August 30, Dmitry Alekseevich Milyutin, was erected into count's dignity.

After the war, Milyutin did everything possible in order to shed light on numerous abuses, which had grown into an intensive detective part during the war. Due to the disease of Chancellor A. Gorchakov, in the years Milyutin, in addition to the military department, actually led the entire foreign policy of the state, having a huge impact on Emperor Alexander II. He was not a supporter of the ideas of M.

Loris-Melikov, but recognizing the presence of a crisis in Russian society, he believed that it was necessary to further develop reforms, however, imagining them in a moderate-conservative spirit. On March 1, the death of Emperor Alexander II laid the end of Milyutin's state activity. With the new emperor Alexander III, he was in a very cool relationship. He categorically did not share the protective ideas of K.

Pobedonostsev and shortly after the resignation of Loris-Melikov and the manifestation of the unshakability of the autocracy, asked the emperor about his resignation. In recent years and death of Dmitry Milyutin, after the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander III, Milyutin on May 22 was, by the request, he was dismissed from the post of military minister, with the abandonment in ranks and ranks, and appointed a member of the State Council.