General Malashonok Biography

It seems that you are using an outdated browser, for the correct work, download the fresh version on June 29, the partisan Vladimir Malashonok is an article: we would have to drive the ball, and not to start the slopes on June 29 in Russia, partisans and underground - people who fought for victory in the Great Patriotic War in one of the most dangerous sections - in the enemy’s rear.

Vladimir Semenovich Malashonok became a partisan when he was barely 11 years old. It was introduced by amendments to the law "On the Days of Military Glory and Memorial Dates of Russia", signed by the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev on April 10. It was established on the initiative of the Bryansk Regional Duma in memory of the struggle of partisan detachments and underground, who acted throughout the country during the Great Patriotic War - years.

One of the largest centers of the partisan movement during the war was in Belarus. It was not without reason that she was also called the Partizan Republic. In addition to combat detachments, the party-Komsomol underground network was widely developed here, which acted inside the occupied cities and villages right under the side by the Nazi invaders. Childhood, which was not - I was born on January 4 of the year and before the start of the war was the most ordinary boy.

Together with two brothers and three sisters, we lived in the town of Rudensk 40 kilometers from Minsk. Parents worked on a collective farm, we children studied at school. The day when the Great Patriotic War began, I hardly remember, somehow I could not believe that right now someone attacked our huge homeland and threatens to destroy us-peaceful Soviet citizens.

Much more clearly in my memory was postponed on July 3. On this day, my whole family gathered at the radio - they conveyed the famous appeal of Stalin, which began with the words "Brothers and sisters. I am addressing you, my friends, then I realized that my childhood ended, and at that time, by the way, only 11 years old. The first flair of the underground - the strict conspiracy.

I knew that several groups of partisans acted in the region. They hid somewhere in the forests, and I, of course, did not know and did not see any of them. And it turned out on one of the autumn days of the first year of the war, when the policemen came to our house. They searched the house, we, my mother, brothers and sisters - were assembled in the dining room and kept under the muzzle of a machine gun.

We were ordered to be silent, and so we stood for about an hour. I was by the window and at some point I saw my father Semen Mikhailovich Malashonok approaching the house on the cart. Noticing me, for some reason he turned away, drove past and disappeared at the end of the street. Later I found out that the policemen came for him. It turned out that the father, who had some kind of special flair on that fatal day, was the chairman of the underground cell and, together with his mother, they helped the detachments of resistance to fight the invaders.

After this incident, we hastily left the house and lived where we had to, sometimes spent the night right in the field or in forest dugouts. When I found my father, he was already in a partisan detachment. It was dangerous to appear in public, and when it was necessary to go to any settlement, he asked me about it. So I became the connected Belarusian partisan detachment "Falcon".

Often I had to transmit ciphers, passwords, other information and, of course, observe what is happening around. Sometimes I had to check the caches with weapons, hide fonts in secluded places for an underground newspaper. Klin Shavgulidze once I found myself in a small village near Ruden and accidentally overheard the conversation of two policemen. Sitting on a bench near the site, they discussed travel through the local railway of a train with military equipment and provisions.

On the same day, I told my father about this. At that time, partisans throughout the country had already waged a rail war. Here it is necessary to especially note the ingenuity of Soviet fighters who came up with destroying enemy compositions with the maximum effect. Next to the "wolf lady." The history of the summer intelligence officer, who headed the underground group at the very beginning of the war on the railway, we worked like this: pulled out crutches from his sleepers, and the rails were bred to the sides.

At the same time, a special scrap was used with a bifurcated tip according to the type of automotive mount. The partisans called him "paw." But I must say that this method had many drawbacks. Firstly, for such work, a great physical strength was needed-only a real hero could tear out the crutch and open the rails alone. And it was dangerous to appear on the rails even a small group - they will notice.

Then the invention of Tengiz Shavgulidze was born. Before the war, he worked at the depot by a steam locomotive locksmith in Kutaisi, was an assistant to the driver. Then he learned the engineer. At the end of the summer, he arrived with several combat comrades in the partisan detachment of Major General Konstantinov in the Minsk region.A person with design skills, of course, was immediately noticed and appointed a specialist in subversive activities.

The first thing the partisan craftsman did was to move the enemy’s echelons on the principle of the railway translated arrow. This device weighing about 18-20 kilograms consisted of a wedge and an excess rail strictly according to the size of the railway rail. It took only a few minutes to fasten this device. When the train ran into the wedge, the front wheel rolled onto an inclined plane like a springboard.

Rising along it, the wheels of the steam locomotive and wagons along the soda rake were translated from the inner to the outer side of the rail - and the echelon went downhill. The first operation in our detachment of this cunning device was not, and when my father and I went to let the German echelon a hop, we took an ordinary “paw” with them. At the appointed time, a small detachment of a kilometer of the railway in the Minsk -Bobruisk section went out to a small detachment.

I was instructed to distract a waybill, who, as luck would have it, wandered back and forth that night for a very important area for us. I called out to him, he went down the embankment, the rest, as they say, was a matter of technology. You ask why it was impossible to just agree with the cracker? I answer - during the war in the occupied territories, many of them served the Gestapo, which means they were traitors.

After we neutralized the railwayman, the father and other partisans dismantled the rails. And so that no one guesses about sabotage, they collected the track again, however, in this place it was already 10 centimeters wider. Soon a German train appeared. Six passenger wagons, near officers with a service staff, six platforms with military equipment - all this turned into a pile of metal.

The next morning, a policeman with shepherds appeared on the site of the disaster, who managed to take a trace. But only to the river located nearby.

We went swimming and got ashore already a few kilometers from the railway. When they got to the camp - clothes and boots immediately to the fire. Later they even wrote about this operation in Pravda. For that echelon, I received my most expensive award - the Order of the Patriotic War. In all available ways, the rail war was the most reliable method of struggle partisan detachments.

Moreover, this kind of operations could be carried out either locally and immediately throughout the country. As soon as the partisans received information about the mass transfer of German troops, the fighters went out everywhere on rails with "paws" and wedges. In M only in Belarus, the railway traffic was paralyzed for a whole month. German trains with people and military equipment, heading towards the eagle, Belgorod, Kharkov, seriously stuck on the way or, which was more often, completely destroyed by the partisans.

The enemy transportation was reduced almost half. The invaders suffered huge losses in steam locomotives, wagons, rails, sleepers, manpower. There was also such a well -known Operation "Concert" at the end of October of the year. Then the Soviet Army was advancing, and we, partisans, helped as best we could - undermined tens of thousands of rails, launched more trains from a slope, and blew up near railway bridges.

This is a loud "concert" in all important directions for the Red Army. Partisan ingenuity sometimes gave birth to the most unusual ways to combat the invaders. And our detachment in terms of resourcefulness tried not to yield to others. In M, two of our fighters settled to harvest hay for the needs of the Third Reich. The warehouses were well guarded, they constantly watched the workers, searched.

Then the partisans came up with "chemical mines" or "fiery milk". They diluted with milk a combustible liquid and, under the guise of a harmless drink, carried to work. The bottles were hidden in stickers, which were then fired at incendiary bullets from a distance. The resulting fire, and even with powerful explosions of the "chemical mines", was no longer possible to extinguish.

False -paragraphs sometimes the stories of the partisans of the Great Patriotic War sound like excerpts from the real adventure novels. But I’ll say it - this is not so. The Germans had a special tooth on us, so in the event of a failure on something except the execution, in most cases did not have to count. Add to this the hardships of partisan life with very modest contentment.

The roof above the head for the night is a big holiday. But together with the partisans, their wives and children often fought. A child who almost did not get childhood. As a summer teenager became a scout, many troubles brought us the so -called false -partyisans who not only hunted us, but also compromised before the population: they killed, robbed, raped civilians.

Such detachments were recruited from the gendarmes and regular parts of the Reichsführer security service, as well as from reliable, verified and knowledgeable in the affairs of local policemen. They changed them into the uniform of the Red Army, and at the head of each detachment they put a well -trained agent of the Gestapo. For a long time they terrorized and misled the people and disappeared from our land along with the rest of the Nazis only at the end of the th.