Biography Caltenbrunner

Moscow, RF Re: Ernst Kaltenbrunner immediately after Anglus Ernst Caltenbrunner entered a hidden confrontation with Heydrich, who openly ignored the head of the Austrian SS men. On the night of March 12 to 13, by order of the chief of the RSHA, Schellenberg and Eichmann arrived in Vienna, who, according to pre -prepared lists, were to be arrested by prominent anti -fascists and influential Jews.

Eichmann was soon appointed a personal representative of Heydrich in Austria, and together with the Vienna inspector of the Gestapo and SD Valter Sttelekter began to act behind Caltenbrunner. They created in Vienna the Main Directorate of Jewish Emigration, which single -handedly engaged in the resolution of the “Jewish question”, completely ignoring the existence of the Danube Obo -Rabbshnit.

In addition, the chief of the Vienna Gestapo was appointed the closest associate of Heydrich in Munich Franz Joseph Hubert, who also obeyed Berlin and was not going to report to Ernst Caltenbrunner. Similarly, the situation was with the Vienna Department of the SD, which was headed by Frederick Poles. Thus, Caltenbrunner was completely suspended from real authorities and deprived of the opportunity to dispose of the property confiscated among the Jews.

However, as the head of the SS of the district, he took part in the deportation of Austrian Jews to Eastern Europe. By the end of the year, more than 47 thousand Jews were taken to the ghetto and camps to Poland, Bohemia, Belarus and Latvia. Being commander of the local parts of the SS Dead Head, Caltenbrunner was actively dealing with the creation and functioning of concentration camps.

The most sinister brainchild was Mauthausen, who was considered the place of conclusion of the most dangerous “criminals” without the hope of “correction”. It was built by the quarry of the city of Mauthausen near Linz immediately after Anschlus. During the existence of this concentration camp, thousands of prisoners from 15 countries passed through it, more than a third of which were tortured.

Among those killed in Mauthausen there were 32 thousand Soviet citizens, mainly prisoners of war. At the process in Nuremberg, the surviving prisoner of this camp, Francois Bua showed: “The first prisoners of war arrived in the year. Two thousand Russian prisoners of war were announced. In relation to them, the same precautions were taken as upon the arrival of prisoners of war of the Spaniards.

Machine guns were delivered around the barracks everywhere, as they expected the worst from the new arrivals. As soon as the Russian prisoners of war entered the camp, it became clear that they were in terrible condition. They could not even understand anything. They were so exhausted that they did not hold on their feet. They were then placed in barracks in each in each.

It should be noted that these huts had seven meters wide and 50 meters in length. They had all the clothes, which was already very few. They were allowed to save only trousers and shirt, and the case was in the month of November. In Mauthausen there were more than 10 degrees of frost. Upon arrival, it turned out that 24 people from them died while they walked 4 kilometers separating the Mauthausen camp from the station.

At first, the same circulation system was applied to them as the Spaniards of the Republican. At first they did not give us any work, but almost nothing was allowed to eat. A few weeks later they were completely without strength, and then they began to apply the extermination system to them.

They were forced to work in the most terrible conditions, beaten, beaten with sticks, mocked them. Three months later, only one so -called Y Barak remained alive from the Russian prisoners of war. This hut was inside the camp, and despite the electrified wire fences around the entire camp, there was an additional wall around this hut along which an electric current wire passed.

In this hut were Russian prisoners of war - officers and commissars, several Slavs, French and even, as I was told, several Englishmen. No one could enter this hut, except for two bosses - the commandant of the internal camp and commandants of external camps. These prisoners were dressed as convicts, but they did not have any numbers, I know in detail what happened in this hut. It was like an internal camp.

It contained a man who received less than one quarter of the diet of the food that we received. They had no spoons or plates. From the boilers they were thrown away by spoiled food right on the snow and waited when she began to freeze. Then the Russians were ordered to rush to food. The Russians were so hungry that they fought to eat, and the SS men used it as a pretext to beat them with rubber sticks in January of the year, when the Russians found out that the Soviet army was approaching Yugoslavia, they tried the last opportunity: they took fire extinguishers, interrupted the soldiers of the security post, captured hand machine guns and all that they could use as weapons.

Of the man, only 62 were able to escape to Yugoslavia. On that day, Franz Tsiraice, the commandant of the camp, gave the radio an order to all citizens to help “eliminate Russian criminals” who fled from the camp.He announced that the one who proves that he had killed at least one of these people would receive a large amount in brands. Therefore, all those who sympathize with the Nazis in Mauthausen took up this capture and they managed to kill the more escaped, which, by the way, was not difficult, since some of the Russians could not crawl more than ten meters.

” In Nuremberg, the former prisoner of this concentration camp Johann Candate told the judges: “Question: tell us briefly, what did you think about these visits to Caltenbrunner, that is, what did you see what you did and when did you see that he was present during the execution? Answer: Caltenbrunner with a laugh entered the gas chamber. Then people were brought from the hut to execution, and then all three types of executions were demonstrated: hanging, shooting in the back of the head and gas poisoning.

After the dust disappeared, we had to drag the corpses. Question: When did you see these different types of executions, was it demonstrating executions or ordinary executions? Answer: I don’t know whether these were ordinary executions or demonstration of the question: do you know whether the executions were scheduled for this day or was it a show for those who arrived? Answer: Yes, these executions were scheduled for this day.

Question: How did you know that these executions were scheduled for this day? Has anyone told you that the executions were scheduled? Answer: the head of the crematorium Gauptsharfuhrer Rot told me about this. He always called me to his room and said: "Caltenbrunner will come today, and you need to prepare everything for execution in his presence." Then we needed to score and clean the stove.

” However, he was not destined to become the “second Heydrich”-the SS Reichsführer warned Ernst Caltenbrunner that he was still going to carry out the specific leadership of the RSHA with the help of Müller and the sky: “You will not have to do this. You can devote yourself to intelligence work, that is, the sixth and third departments. ” Immediately after joining the new position, Caltenbrunner began the struggle with the head of the sixth department of the RSHA, the SD Grandian, Walter Schellenberg, who had direct access to Himmler, enjoyed complete independence under Heydrich and frankly ignored the new chef, trying to get out of the RSHA and create an independent department.

Ernst Caltenbrunner mobilized the group of his fellow countrymen Austrians to fight Schellenberg, who held key posts in the sixth department: the head of the Balkan Schurmbannführer, Wilhelm Vanek, the head of the Italian and Hungarian sector in the suburmbannführer Wilhelm Hitterus and the head Sabotage and sabotage of the navigannfuhrer from Skorzeny 8. In addition, Caltenbrunner said that all Reich intelligence services should be reduced to one department, that is, under the roof of the RSHA.

In his opinion, the intelligence of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the 2nd department of "Germany" under the leadership of Martin Luther and Abwehr Canaris sabotage the work of the SD. In principle, from its point of view, Caltenbrunner was completely right: military intelligence, led by Admiral Canaris, from the very beginning of the war worked for the enemy, supplying the command of selected misinformation.

As an example, it is enough to cite only by the abver the defense potential of the USSR before the attack of Germany. Canaris officers described the Red Army as a bunch of poorly armed tramps, significantly underestimated the number of the Soviet Army and did not report anything about new types of weapons, such as T and sq. But, if Ribbentrop Caltenbrunner failed to pick up the intelligence service for himself, then it was completely in his power to subjugate the Abwehr SD.

Heydrich began to collect the material on Canaris, which very soon became convinced of the treason of the admiral. During the secret investigation, Muller established at least three hundred percent facts: 1 in the year, Abwehr issued Western allies plans for military operations of the Wehrmacht in Northern and Western Europe; 2, Canaris himself over the years transferred super-secret data on the construction of underwater boats to British naval intelligence; 3 in the winter of the year, through the mediation of the Vatican, Abwehr began contacts with the Western allies and negotiated the future of post -war Germany.

Instead of arresting Canaris as a traitor, he convened at the beginning of the year in the Prague Palace of Gradchana a conference of Abwehr SD, Gestapo and Krypo, on which he proposed to merge military intelligence from the RSHA. In general, the relationship between Heydrich and Canaris was very strange: on the one hand, the admiral drove the future chef of the RSH from the fleet, and on the other, the violinist Heydrich supported the warmest friendly relations with Canaris's wife Erica, a great lover of music.

Moreover, Himmler himself, knowing about the betrayal of Canaris, for unknown reasons continued to provide an admiral with patronage. Now, Caltenbrunner decided to end this abnormal state of things - intelligence should either work for his country, or it is not needed at all.Already at the Nuremberg process, the chef of the RSHA openly said that he was thinking about Abwehr in general, and about Canaris in particular: “Abwehr’s staff was completely corrupt, employees took bribes at any opportunity; They were also distinguished by extreme morality: more than 80 percent of Canaris’s people were sexy perverts.

This was the reason that intelligence could not work normally. On such soil, cheating blossomed with violent color. Canaris patronized only the employees who received money from him for the provision of sexual services: they were masochists, sadists, active and passive homosexuals. ” As soon as he took office and familiarizing himself with the material collected by Muller, Caltenbrunner provided Himmler with a detailed report on the situation in Abwehr.

But, to his surprise, the SS Reichsfuhrer refused to transfer this report to Hitler. Only after Abwehr “blink” the landing of the allies in Italy, and Canaris entered into negotiations with Marshal Badolo, who signed the world with the Anglo-American, Caltenbrunner and Schellenberg received Himmler's sanction at the beginning of the investigation. During January-February, the SD arrested several Abwehr officers who openly collaborated with British intelligence.

The Reichsfuhrer of the SS was appointed by the head of all German intelligence. Admiral Canaris was resigned. After long consultations, on May 14 of the same year, Himmler and Keitel signed an agreement on the disbandment of Abwehr and the entry of his departments into the structure of the Main Directorate of Imperial Security. However, Caltenbrunner did not calm down on this and continue to “dig” near Canaris.

In September, during a search in Tsossen, where the headquarters of Abwehra was located, sd discovered materials from which it followed that Canaris joined the movement of resistance another year during the crisis of Frich-Blomberg. Calterbrunner immediately reported this to Bormann and received an order to investigate the case further. The next day, Canaris and Oster were executed in Flesenburg.

The unsuccessful attempt on Hitler on July 20 in Rastenburg became a truly “star” hour of Ernst Caltenbrunner. Already on July 21, a special commission was created in the Gestapo, which was to conduct the investigation in the case of the Black Chapel. The Gestapo arrested more than 7 thousand people, 5 thousand of whom were executed. The last mass executions of the conspiracy participants were made on April 23 in Berlin immediately before the capture of the capital of the Reich by Soviet troops.

For an investigation into the attempt, Caltenbrunner received a knightly cross with swords from Hitler. He did not forget Müller, on whom he personally signed an idea to the same reward.