Message biography Akhmatova

Lecture Anna Akhmatova. Life and work Anna Akhmatova is a bright, talented, original, unique biography. It was in these words that I would like to characterize Anna Akhmatov, a poetess, who over her long life survived two revolutions and two world wars, learned on herself what Stalinist repressions and the death of the most dear people are. She got married three times, but not one of the marriages brought her real female happiness.

Her son was also subjected to political repression, and until the last he believed that her work, and not him, were more important for her mother. For many years, her poems were banned, some saw the light two decades after her death. Many paintings have been shot about the life and work of Anna Akhmatova, her biography inspires many generations of talented people to work. Anna Akhmatova is known not only for her poetic heritage, she was a translator and literary critic.

In the years she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature. She is considered the most outstanding poet of the Silver Age. Childhood and youth were born Anna Gorenko Akhmatova is a creative pseudonym on June 23 in Odessa, in the area called a large fountain. Her father, Andrei Gorenko, was a hereditary nobleman, a retired engineer-mechanic of the fleet.

At the age of 37, he married a second time. Inna Erasmovna Stogova, thirty years old, became his chosen one. For eleven years of marriage, they gave birth to six children, three of whom died of tuberculosis in different years. Anna was the third in a row, and also at one time was ill with a consumption, but managed to survive. Anna Akhmatova in childhood Anechka was a year old when the family moved to St.

Petersburg, where Andrei Gorenko was assigned the rank of college assessor and appointed an official on special assignments in the State Military District. The childhood years of the future poetess took place in Tsarskoye Selo - this place remained in her memoirs forever. Accompanied by the nanny, Anna was walking in the Tsarskoye Selo Park, in which the poet Pushkin was walking at one time.

All children knew secular etiquette. Anna learned to read early, thanks to the alphabet, the author of which was Leo Tolstoy. The French girl began to teach at the age of five, she simply listened and remembered everything that the teacher who came to her older children taught. To continue education, Anna was given to the Mariinsky female gymnasium. The girl wrote her first poems at eleven.

She was not inspired by Pushkin and Lermontov, she came to understanding their poetry much later. Anna could listen for hours for hours to recite Derzhavin’s works or verse “Frost, Red Nose”, the author of which was Nikolai Nekrasov. Anna Akhmatova in her youth Anna Gorenko loved Petersburg with all the might of the soul, and always considered him his family. And at least every summer the family went on vacation in Sevastopol, she was rushing home.

She liked everything in St. Petersburg - streets, parks, majestic Neva. Anna was completely promoted when her parents divorced, and her mother fell her in Yevpatoria, and after they settled in Kyiv. Akhmatova was sixteen then.

In Yevpatoria, she continued her studies, but studied at home, and then she was sent to the Fundukleevsky gymnasium of Kyiv, where she graduated from the last grade. After the release from the gymnasium, Gorenko continued her education at the highest female courses. She chose jurisprudence, but then she realized that of all the objects she most like the history of law and Latin, and the legal case brought her longing for her.

Therefore, she left these classes, left for St. Petersburg and entered the historical and literary female courses that N. was not in the poems of creative people in the Gorenko family. As the poetess herself later said, “how much the eye sees around”, there is not a single poet. Only a maternal relative Anna Bunin was a poetess and a translator, but she was a distant family. Father really did not like his daughter’s occupation, and he asked him to never sign his creations with a real name, so as not to disgrace his last name.

Not a single verse came out under the real name of the poetess. In her genealogical tree, a grandmother was found, whose pedigree stretched to Khan Akhmat, whose name became a derivative of the pseudonym-Akhmatova. They corresponded for several years, and in M ​​she became his wife. The wedding place was chosen by the Nikolaev Church, which has been preserved until now in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka near Kyiv.

At that time, the name of Gumilyov was already rattling in the literary environment. After the wedding, the newlyweds went to Paris, where they spent a honeymoon. Akhmatova first visited Europe and was shocked by her beauty. After returning, Nikolai presented his wife to the literary society of St. Petersburg, and she immediately attracted close attention. First of all, everyone drew attention to its majestic beauty - tall, dark -skinned, with royal posture and a hump on the nose, she really liked the representatives of the literary bohemia.

But not only the "Horde" appearance struck all Akhmatov. Her poetry breathed love, she devoted almost all her works to this great feeling.Then there were two directions in art - futurism and acmeism, Anna was closer to the second. Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov brought Anna Akhmatova for the year not only the happiness of motherhood, but also a real breakthrough in her work.

This year she became the mother of her only son, who was called Leo, and published the first small collection of poetry "Evening". After many years, Akhmatova will say that these were “poor verses of the empty girl”, but this will happen much later, and in M ​​it was these verses that brought her the first glory and first readers. In the year, the poetess released another collection of poetry entitled "Charks." After his release, Anna received a lot of praise from critics and fans who spoke about her as the most fashionable poet of those years.

Anna no longer needed Gumilyov’s patronage, she achieved greater glory than her husband. Three years later, in M, the third book of Akhmatova, which she called the White Pack, was published. Its circulation was very impressive at that time - two thousand pieces. In M Akhmatova and Gumilyov broke up. Anna for a long time could not come to terms with this loss, despite the breakup, he remained the father of her son and a man who helped her enter the poetic world.

Anna Akhmatova’s life began to change sharply in the middle of the x. She was taken under observation in the NKVD, her poems are no longer published, and everything she writes becomes the property of the table. Anna was lost a lot of poetry when moving. Her poems were called decadent, provocative, anti -communist. Naturally, poetry with such a stigma in the USSR was not printed, and the poetess itself was in constant disgrace.

An alarming times came in Akhmatova’s life. And she was worried not for herself, but for relatives and relatives, primarily for her son. In the fall of the year they came for her son and third husband Nikolai Punin. They were kept under arrest for several days, but the poetess perfectly understood that her peace was lost forever. In the very autumn, she felt the Ring of persecution and persecution around her gradually became more and more denser.

In the year, the NKVD began to collect materials on the poetess confirming its counter -revolutionary activity. Anna has been brought to despair, almost all her time passes in the prison line, she goes to the crosses to take the transfer to her son. Traded to despair, Akhmatova pours out his experiences in the cycle of poems, called the “Requiem”, which she was afraid to publish for two decades.

In order to somehow help his son get out of the imprisonment, Akhmatova gives his new collection, called "of six books." He came out in the year and consisted of old, censorship of poems, and recently written, “correct” poets that came across the soul of party power. During the war years, Akhmatov was evacuated to Tashkent. To m, she returns to the city of her youth - Leningrad, and soon moves to Moscow.

The life of the poetess gradually began to improve, the son was released, it is printed. However, this did not last long. In the year, the Union of Writers branded her work, and three years later her son arrested again. He received ten years of camps. This event finally broke the poetess, she wrote a lot of letters with a request for the release of Leo Gumilyov, but the Politburo never honored her answer.

Anna Akhmatova with her son, after liberation, Lev told his mother that she loves her poems more than her own son, and for many years he was remote from her. Little by little, the life of the poetess began to improve, but entered the normal channel only in the X years. In the year, she was again admitted to the Union of Writers and began to print her works.

In the years, Akhmatova was awarded the Italian Prize and became the author of another collection called “Running of the Time”. The poetess received a doctoral degree assigned to her by Oxford University. Anna Akhmatova was already at old age, when she became a mistress of her own housing. Thanks to the Leningrad "Little Fund" she had a small summer house in the village of Komarovo.

The house was very tiny, consisting of a room, a corridor and veranda. Anna Akhmatova’s house in the village of Komarovo was not furniture, the poetess slept on a hard bed with legs from bricks, there was no real table, instead of it I used the old door. The wall was decorated with a drawing of the Italian artist Modigliani with her image and an old icon, the property of the first husband.

They may be familiar.