The biography of Chernyshevsky is interesting

Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky was born on July 24 in Saratov, in the family of a priest. He received primary education at home, under the leadership of his father, then graduated from the Saratov Theological Seminary. In the year he entered the historical and philological department of St. Petersburg University, which he graduated in the year. During the years of study, I tried my hand in literature, a story and a story were written.

He was most interested in politics and social sciences - he studied the works of the classics of German philosophy, English political economy, the ideas of French utopian socialism, as well as the works of Russian thinkers, primarily V. Belinsky and A. after graduating from the university for some time taught the Slavic at the Saratov gymnasium.

In the year he returned to St. Petersburg, where he began to cooperate in the newspaper St. Petersburg Vedomosti and in literary magazines-in “Domestic Notes”, and then in “Contemporary”, where he quickly occupied the leading position along with N. Nekrasov and N. in the year prepared the master's thesis on the aesthetic relations of art for reality, ”in which he considered the main provisions of the materialistic estates of the city.

Art is focused on studying and transforming life, serving society. The main thesis of “Beautiful is life” emphasizes the priority of reality in relation to artistic work. The dissertation caused dissatisfaction with the Ministry of Education, so the academic degree of Chernyshevsky was awarded only three years later. Since the middle of the X, Chernyshevsky became the actual editor of “Contemporary”, the magazine has actively promoted the ideas of the forces of revolutionary democracy.

In the year, Chernyshevsky published the article “Essays on the Gogol period of Russian literature”, in which, along with the history of literature, he examined the features of the development of Russian literature in the X -X -X -X -X, and social and philosophical problems are also raised in it. The person is the stronger, the more he knows about the world around him, and changes in people's lives are possible only when they are agreed with reality.

B was released the article "Lessing, his time, his life and activity." Working on critical articles for "Contemporary" about the work of A. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, I. Turgenev and others, Chernyshevsky emphasized the social and moral significance of the works, and also discussed urgent political problems on the example of works. The famous article by Chernyshevsky “The Russian man on Rendez-Vous” is the analysis of the story of I.

Turgenev “Asya” the essence of the satirical pamphlet, denouncing liberalism in Russia. This article is recognized as one of the most striking works of domestic journalism of the second half of the XIX century. Chernyshevsky was one of the first to write about the peculiarity of the style of the works of L. Tolstoy, about psychologism in his autobiographical trilogy “Childhood. It was in this article that the term “dialectics of the soul” was used for the first time in literary criticism.

It becomes a prominent and authoritative literary critic. At the end of the x, Nikolai Chernyshevsky participated in the publication of the “Historical Library” - applications to “Contemporary”, where transfers of classical works on universal history were printed, became the first editor of the “Military Collection”. Published in the "Contemporary" economic and political articles.

He had his own views on the further development of Russia. He was the ideological inspirer of socialism and populism that was born in Russia. In particular, he made a sharp criticism of the peasant reform of the year, participated in the activities of the revolutionary underground, in the creation of the illegal organization “Earth and the will”. He wrote a proclamation "Barial peasants from their well -wishers bow." In June, he was arrested.

He was in a single chamber of Alekseevsky Ravelin of the Peter and Paul Fortress, where he actively continued literary work, including wrote the novel “What to do? The author draws a picture of a socialist future in the famous fourth dream of the main character Vera Pavlovna. The author unites the elements of utopia and propaganda genre with reality, with quite realistic ideals of the main characters.

In the representation of Chernyshevsky, “transferring the future to the present” is not such an unrealistic business, if acted in a certain way. The heroes of Chernyshevsky - “New People” Vera Pavlovna, Kirsanov and Lopukhov, as well as “Special Man”, revolutionary Rakhmetov. Since censorship focused on the love line of the novel, it was allowed to publish in a “contemporary” ban after some time followed, the numbers of the magazine were confiscated, but the romance spread in numerous handwritten copies and for several decades remained one of the most significant works for progressive Russian society, had a noticeable effect on the development of social thought of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries.

At the beginning of the year, Chernyshevsky was found guilty of the wording “in taking measures to overthrow the existing management order”, he was sentenced to 7 years in hard labor and the eternal settlement in Siberia.In St. Petersburg, the public procedure of Chernyshevsky’s “Civil Execution” took place - the refraction of the sword over the head in deprivation of all rights of the state of officials, class privileges, property rights, parental and others.

After that, Chernyshevsky was sent to hard labor to the Nerchinsky mines. The Chernyshevsky case was greater. The most prominent figures of Russia and ordinary citizens reacted to him. The gymnasium girl, whose name was not preserved, wrote in the name of the emperor: "Your Majesty, put me in any cone, swell hunger, do not let me drink, deprive even books, but free Chernyshevsky." The philosopher Vasily Rozanov, despite the fact that he did not share the views of Chernyshevsky at all, spoke about him and his fate: “Since the time of Peter the Great, there was not a man whose step, every thought of which would breathe with concern for the fatherland.

He would have landed Russia. Instead, he was exiled to Vilyuisk, to the Siberian bears. We approached his biography to the tree of life. They cut down and torn to bast shoes Oblomov. " After 7 years, in the year Chernyshevsky was transferred to the settlement in Vilyuisk of Yakutia. In Siberia, despite the official ban, the prisoner did not have access to books, and he should not compose anything, Nikolai Gavrilovich did not leave literary and scientific activity.

He wrote a number of stories and plays, as well as the novel “Prologue”, in which events unfold on the eve of the peasant reform of the year. The protagonist Volgin is endowed with the autobiographical features of the writer, and N. became the prototype of another hero, Levitsky Chernyshevsky was transferred to Astrakhan in the year, it was a government agreement and the terrorist organization Narodnaya Volya, which guaranteed that in the event of a transfer during the coronation of Alexander III, no radical actions would be taken.

Shortly before the death of Chernyshevsky, it was allowed to move to Saratov. Here he translated the work of foreign historians. However, health was seriously undermined. Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky died on October 17 29. The complete works of N. Chernyshevsky first came out in - years. To transform the society, Chernyshevsky proposed the author’s system of educating a person “New Age”, emphasized the importance of the role of a mentor teacher for personality development.

The person of the New Age was meant a creative person, the leader of the Country, actively promoting the progressive development of Russia. At the same time, the need for freedom for humans was emphasized. The philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev wrote about N. Chernyshevsky in the book “Russian Idea”: “... the depth of his moral nature inspired him with very true and pure life assessments.

He had great humanity in him, he fought for the liberation of man. He fought for a man against the power of society over human feelings. ” Chernyshevsky, “What to do? On the eve of the nine o'clock in the evening, the gentleman with a suitcase arrived, took the Numer, gave his passport for registration, asked himself tea and cutlet, he said that he would not be disturbed in the evening, because he was tired and wants to sleep, but he would certainly wake up at eight o’clock because he has hasty things, he locked the number of the number and, with a knife and a fork, rummaged into tea The device, soon calmed down, - apparently fell asleep.

Morning came; At eight o’clock, the servant knocked onto yesterday's visiting - the visitor does not give a voice; The servant knocked stronger, very much - the visiting man does not respond. Apparently, firmly tired. The servant waited a quarter of an hour, he began to wake up again, again he did not get. He began to consult with other servants, with a barrier. We decided to try to wake up again, stronger; If he doesn’t wake up here, send for a polycium.

Made the last test; did not get; They sent for the polycia and are now waiting for what they will see with her. By ten in the morning, a police official came at ten in the morning, knocked on himself, ordered the servants to knock - the same success as before. The door was broken. The room is empty. The police official went to the table, - a piece of paper lay on the table, and on it it was written in large letters: “I was leaving at 11 o’clock in the evening and I will not return.

They will hear me on the foundry of the bridge, between 2 and 3 hours of the night. There is no suspicion of anyone. ” The story of a police official for a long time served as the subject of animated retells and reasoning in the hotel. The story was this kind. At half past five in the morning, - and the night was cloudy, dark, - in the middle of the foundry bridge a fire flashed, and a pistol shot was heard.

The guard servants rushed to the shot, small passers -by fled - nobody and there was nothing in the place where the shot rang out. So, he did not shoot, but shot himself. The hunters were found, the bagers dragged in a few time, dragged even some kind of fishing network, dived, groped out, caught, caught fifty large chips, but they did not find and did not catch the bodies. And how to find?

It is in these two hours in the seaside - go, look there. Therefore, progressives arose that rejected the previous assumption: “Or maybe there was no body?But the majority, as always, when he reasoned prudently, turned out to be conservatively and defended the old: "What a blow - he put a bullet in his forehead, and that's it." The progressives were defeated.

But the winning party, as always, was divided immediately after the victory. Shooted, so; But why?