General biography of Mendeleev

He chose the University of Heidelberg - the institution most consistent with his scientific research. Mendeleev’s main interest is physical chemistry, or rather, the study of the interaction of molecules. In this work, he achieved such results: he created his research laboratory, ordered the devices to the famous masters and made them for example, a device for measuring the density of the liquid.

He opened a critical temperature at which the liquid becomes steam. After returning to Russia, the young scientist defended his doctoral dissertation in the year, which became the basis of his teaching about solutions. Soon he was appointed an extraordinary professor of St. Petersburg University, and later-the head of the Department of General Chemistry in this post remained for more than 20 years.

Even earlier, in - gg. Professor Mendeleev was faced with the fact that the students did not have a single textbook, and undertook to write it. In the process of working on the textbook “Fundamentals of Chemistry”, Mendeleev thinks about the nature of chemical elements, searches for the principles of their systematization. This leads the scientist to his most famous discovery - tabular systematization of all chemical elements according to a single principle.

The first version of the Mendeleev table: Wikimedia The author completed the first version of the system on March 1 of the year. The day has become significant in science - this is the discovery date of one of the fundamental laws of the universe. Later, the scientist formulated the law that formed the basis of this discovery: about the dependence of the properties of substances on their atomic weight.

In subsequent years, Mendeleev improved the system discovered by him. As a chemical scientist, Mendeleev worked on the study of silicates, inert gases, solutions of chemical elements. In the year, Professor Mendeleev opposed the restriction of the autonomy of universities, supported the petition of students. There was a conflict with the Minister of Education, the scientist left the university.

The practical contribution of the scientist to the development of the country Mendeleev believed that the professor who only reads his course is more harmful. He must work himself in science and in the field of application of its achievements. Therefore, his scientific activity has always been accompanied by practical things: even in years, he developed the technology for the production of machine oils, which began to be produced in m.

In the Donetsk basin in the year, the scientist inspected coal deposits, at the same time compiled a Don clearing project. Having left the university, he worked on issues of the country's customs and tariff policy. Wrote capital work with a review of Russian industry, which became the economic encyclopedia of Russia of that time. He worked in the Scientific and Technical Laboratory of the Ministry of the Naval Ministry, developed the technology for the manufacture of smokeless gunpowder.

Then he edited his close sections of the famous “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron”, he himself wrote dozens of articles for him. At the age of 65, Mendeleev led the expedition to the Urals, which for several months studied how to activate the industrial development of the region. Mendeleev was interested in aeronautics created a balloon, and arcted a tanker designed the icebreaker, and headed the main chamber of measures and scales and many others.

His collected works consists of 25 volumes, each of them is devoted to a separate topic. The young man experienced the parting heavily. During his stay in Germany, he had an affair with theatrical actress Agnes Waitman, who gave birth to an illegitimate child. Father supported his daughter financially until her marriage. Mendeleev entered the marriage twice: upon returning from a foreign business trip, the scientist married a long-standing Feozva Leshchev stepdaughter Ershov, the author of the famous “Humpbacked skate”.

She was eight years older than Dmitry. Three children were born in the family, but not everyone has survived, and life is suffered by the principle, love with the couple not. At the summer, Dmitry met his true love - summer Anna Popova. The girl is talented: she studied music and painting, visited the so -called youth Fridays, which Mendeleev arranged in E. In this marriage, four children were born.

Their eldest daughter Love became the wife of the poet Alexander Blok. The biography of an outstanding scientist was overgrown with myths. What else, besides science, became famous Mendeleev? Interesting facts will complement the official biography: Dmitry Ivanovich gained worldwide recognition, had great scientific authority, had more than a hundred titles and titles of various academies, universities, and scientific societies.

But in Russia he did not become an academician - he was not elected, motivating that he had little work in chemistry. Foreign scientists nominated Mendeleev three times for the Nobel Prize in - GG. Probably, the scientist’s conflict with the Nobel brothers played a role: the polemic arose due to the predatory production of Baku oil. Myths around his scientific activity were created.

He himself gave rise to the legend that he dreamed of the periodic system. There is no reason for the myth that he invented vodka: in his writings about solutions there is nothing about the choice of a fortress of alcohol.In the last years of his life, the scientist initiated the creation of a university in Siberia, the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, founded the Russian Society of Chemists, which now bears his name.

He lived for 72 years Mendeleev, his years of his life - in memory of the great scientist, Mendeleev’s congresses were held since the year, and annual Mendeleev readings. His name is a city in Tatarstan, villages, streets, glaciers and asteroid, a new chemical element. The UN in honor of the flight of the main discovery of Mendeleev proclaimed the international year of the periodic table of chemical elements.