Biography of Protodeaconov

He was one of the first in world mining science to abandon the descriptive qualitative characteristics of rocks and put forward the classification of the fortress of rocks using quantitative coefficients characterizing this fortress. Protodeaconov, abandoning the existing methods of purely experimental selection of mine fasteners, gave a methodology for analytical determination of its size.

For the first time, he developed the theory of rock pressure, which opened the research chain in this direction both in Russia and abroad. His father at that time headed his craft school. In the city of Protodiaakonova, she moved to the Nizhne-Tagil factor of the Perm province, where his father began to work as an inspector of public schools, and in G. apparently, here, in the Ural factories, a love of technology and mining, which determined the entire further creative path of M., especially influenced him by the Ural Minor Exhibition in Yekaterinburg, organized in the 19th years of the last century.

M. Protodeakonov received secondary education at first in Yekaterinburg, and then in Ufa gymnasiums. From the second year, M. Protodiaakonov moved to the St. Petersburg Mining Institute and graduated from him in the city during his stay at the university, and then at the institute, he took part in the revolutionary movement of the working class. The time of graduation from M.

Protodiakonov institute coincided with the first student strikes, and three days after receiving the engineering title, he was arrested and involved in the inquiry in the case of the “Union of Wrestling for the Liberation of the Working Class”. After the release from the arrest at the end of the city of Protodiaakonov, a number of years remained under the supervision of the police.

The possibility of receipt to the public service or transition to scientific work was excluded for him. The practical work of M. Protodeakonov began on the silver -wing mines of the Terek Mining Society, where he managed the operation of mines and conducted the construction of hydraulic structures. Working in production, M. Protodiaakonov began to publish his first works.

Protodejakov got the opportunity to switch to pedagogical and scientific work; He entered the Yekaterinoslav Higher Mountain School as an assistant in mountainous art to prof. A year later, he went on a scientific business trip abroad. Protodejonov defended the dissertation “Powder of rocks on ryudnic security” at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, after which he was elected extraordinary, and then an ordinary professor of the Yekaterinoslav Higher Mining School.

He took part in the creation of the multi -volume capital work "Description of the Donetsk basin." Having collected huge material in the Donbass, he writes important sections for this publication: “Passing of mines and quakers” and “Fastening of mines and quakers”. But the glory of the heroic scientist was created first of all to the calculation of ryudnic fasteners and mountain pressure, which, starting with G., the first justification of new methodological techniques is given in the work "On some attempts to apply mathematics to mining." They found further development in the dissertation mentioned above, published under the same name in the “Mountain Journal” for the city at a number of congresses in the mining affairs, M.

Protodeakonov made reports: “On the Fortress of Mountains”, “On the productivity of the slaughterhouse in coal”, “On the pressure of the bulk bodies”, “On the drilling of the Spurs”. He participated in a special commission for the examination of the mines of the Donetsk basin regarding the explosive gas and dust. The creative work of M. Protodeakonov was interrupted in the city for four years, he completely stopped working, while first in the Crimea, and then in Central Asia.

Along with this, M. Protodeaconov took part in the work of the main leading and planning state institutions of mining industry. From the city of Protodiaakonov, they elect the chairman of the Central Asian Bureau of the Engineering and Technical Section. Union of Mining of the USSR. Possessing large organizational abilities, M. Protodeakonov in Tashkent and the Mountain Department of the Technical Faculty of Central Asian State University.

This talented scientist tried to help the broad masses of the people get an education; He organized a whole network of courses for young miners. These courses were widely known among miners called "Protodeacon courses." He was the first to appreciate and supported the inventor of the wearer of Zhuravlev, now the laureate of the Stalin Prize, who offered an underground mobile metal mount.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Protodeakonov was invited by a professor to the Moscow Mining Academy for lecture. Protodiaakonov had the ability to state the most difficult theoretical issues in a very simple language; His lectures were fascinated by the audience, and in the audiences where he read, there were always lack of places for those who wanted to listen to him.

Despite the softness of character, Mikhail Mikhailovich was an extremely demanding teacher. He demanded from the student not only deep knowledge of the material, but also an independent, initiative solution to the issues posed.Deeply respecting their teacher, students considered it a shame for themselves to go unprepared for exams to Mikhail Mikhailovich. Protodiaakonov had a rare ability to conquer people's sympathy.

Interested in every person he had to face, he knew how to force the interlocutor to share the most secret thoughts after the most short conversation. He always tried to provide others with help and facilitate their difficult position. For several years M. Protodiaakonov provided material assistance to the family of Y. Sverdlov when he was in exile. Mikhail Mikhailovich was constantly loaded with the work that took him 14-15 hours a day.

Even when his legs were taken away, he, lying in bed, did not stop his work. But his health progressively worsened, and on April 5, Protodeaconov died. The central place in the research of M. Protodeaconov is occupied by mountain pressure issues. At a time when M. Protodiaakonov began to deal with these issues, only a purely empirical path of resolving issues related to mountain pressure was known to mountain science; The necessary types and sizes of fastening and the size of supporting the stitches of minerals were selected experimentally.

Protodiaakonov set a goal to create an analytical method for determining the magnitude of mountain pressure, which could become the basis of the exact solution of complex issues of practice. Knowing the impossibility for his time to know the laws of mountain pressure in the entire depth, M. Protodeakonov put forward a proposal to consider the rocks "as consisting of individual pieces, that is, as the bodies" incoherent "or to a certain extent bulk." He pointed out that such an idea does not contradict reality, since rocks are always fractured to one degree or another.

Based on this, M. Protodeakonov extended to the rocks the properties of unrelated bodies to form a corner of a natural slope, depending on the coefficient of friction between the particles of unrelated bodies. This property is well known to everyone. Pouring, for example, sand into a heap, we, due to the small coefficient of friction between the grains of sand, get a small angle of the natural slop of this heap.

Taking more related substances with a high coefficient of friction, we get a bunch of a large angle of natural sloping. Until the moment, until the angle of natural slope has reached, the particles of the bulky body are held in a heap on the other with the friction forces. These friction forces in rock mechanics are customary to conditionally express through the so -called angle of internal friction of this bulk of the breed, which at the time of the maximum balance is equal to the corner of the natural slop.

For rocks, i.e., this new one - the apparent - the coefficient of friction, called the protodeacon "the coefficient of the fortress", is a universal relative indicator of the resistance of rocks to external mechanical efforts.

M. Protodiaakonov experimentally checked this resistance of the rocks with respect to handicraft, drilling, explosiveness, stability during collapse, pressure magnitude on the supply, etc. Protodeacons-that if some kind of threshold is a number of times more times in one one of them, for example, when drilling, then in any other respect, for example, in an explosion, in relation to explosion, in relation Having experimentally tested the strength of the fortress according to various indicators, in some cases taking the average from the indicators obtained according to different processes, making a reservation for individual processes, M.

Protodeakonov first gave a quantitative characteristics of the rocks as the basis for analytical calculations in various mining processes. The great scientific achievement of M. Protodiaakonov is the formulation of the hypothesis about the pressure of the rocks, which stemmed from its interpretation of the nature of the rocks. By that time, it was known that the mountain pressure that occurs in the production zone is the result of pressure from not the entire thickness of the rocks to the surface, but only some insignificant part of this thickness.

It was known that the balance of loose rocks, disturbed by the conduct of workings, is restored after a while, and the roof acquires a vaulted shape. His works, which did not contain any mathematical theory, were purely empirical and did not give any quantitative results. Protodiaakonov set himself the task of finding not a qualitative picture of phenomena in rocks during mining, but quantitative theory, “calculated formulas that are convenient for use and accurate s soness, as it requires life.” To understand the laws of the movements of rocks in the production zone, he put forward the hypothesis of the arch.

Thus, in this case, the pressure on the support will be directly equal to the weight of the volume “B” of the roof breeds. Despite the great achievements in the field of studying the laws of rocking in subsequent years and on the appearance of a number of new hypotheses on the laws of this move, the arch hypothesis has retained its significance for narrow workings and for weak fissured breeds.Based on the hypothesis of the arch, M.

Protodeaconov analytically determined the pressure of the breed on the security, establishing that “the parabolic volume of the breed, the width of which is equal to the development of production, and the height - the half -around, divided into the roofing fring of rocks, presses its weight”. The pressure setting in the analytical method corresponded, as practice showed, the actual pressure on the security.

So for the first time in the history of mining, a transition was made from roughly qualitative empirical assessments to quantitative engineering calculations in the problem of mining pressure, which allowed to more deeply solve the issues of practice. Having published in the city of Protodeaconov “Mining pressure on the ryudnic security”, the editors of the “Mountain Magazine” provided her with a preface with a brief characteristic of the author’s views.