Biography of a rural resident

Download Part 4 PDF Bibliographic Description: Efimova, A. The article reveals the features of the rural lifestyle. The results of a questionnaire survey of rural residents of the Plus District of the Pskov region are presented in their life. Key words: lifestyle, rural territory, rural residents, questionnaire survey, agricultural sector, social sphere.

A way of life is an established form of human being in the world, which is expression in his activity, interests, and beliefs [1]. In domestic sociology, the category of life correlates in a certain way with the concepts of “Life Life”, “Life Life”, “Quality of Life”, “Life Life”, “Standard of Life”. The main parameters of lifestyle are the work of studying for the younger generation, life, socio-political and cultural activities of people, as well as various behavioral habits and manifestations.

A person’s lifestyle is a key factor that determines his health [1]. The village is a rural territory where a special social group of the population lives, which is characterized by a certain way of life. It differs both by the level of socio-economic development, and the specifics of the psychological climate, socio-psychological relations [2]. The lifestyle of the rural population should be understood as the system of activities carried out by him, which is determined by the external environment and the specifics of the population of the village as a special community.

The agrarian industry is a system -forming for rural territories, therefore, the labor life of rural residents of Russia is determined mainly by the features of agricultural production. The population is occupied mainly in agricultural enterprises. A certain part of the villagers works in the social sphere, which in rural areas is represented by schools, kindergartens, feldsher-obstetric centers, mail, libraries, clubs.

An insignificant part of the rural population works outside the sphere of agriculture. This is in the forest complex, on the railway, in road brigades, processing enterprises located in rural areas. Some villagers work in a nearby city, district center or a shift method in cities, in the north, etc. As a rule, all villagers are also busy managing a personal subsidiary farm [3].

An important role in determining the lifestyle of the population is assigned to the study of its domestic activity, which is understood as a set of classes aimed at satisfying material needs related to the reproduction of the health and physical condition of a person and his family. Since ancient times, the main activities have been divided into two groups: appropriating and producing.

The first group includes hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants of edible and medicinal, wood harvesting, etc. Producing activities in agriculture are represented by livestock and agriculture. Features of the rural lifestyle are associated with the specifics of labor and life of the inhabitants: the subordination of labor to rhythms and cycles of the year; more difficult working conditions than usual in the city; small opportunities for labor mobility of residents; a large compound of labor and life, the complexity of labor in home and utility farms; a limited set of classes in their free time.

In the life structure of rural settlements, elements of the neighboring community have been preserved. They have a rather stable composition of the inhabitants, its socio-professional and cultural differentiation is weak, close related and neighboring ties are typical. The rhythm of life is measured, leisurely. Time is far from always considered by a rural resident as a rapidly spent, as social value [4].

The villagers are characterized by “openness” of communication, which is quite cramped and covering all aspects of life. The smaller the village, the more closely the communication of its inhabitants. In the formation of a lifestyle, such circumstances as the presence or absence of social objects are important - a school, a club, mail, a first -aid post, etc.

In rural settlements, social control of a person’s behavior is strong. Since there are few inhabitants, all the way they know everyone about everyone. Each episode of the life of a rural resident can become an object for evaluating the environment. In order to assess the quality of life of the villagers, the level of their income, to identify the problems, we conducted a questionnaire survey of rural residents of the Zapolsky volost of the Pskov district of the Pskov region on 39 issues.

Three villages with a different number of residents were examined: the village of Zaplya - with the number of inhabitants more people, the village of File - more than 30 people, the village of Lyubensk - up to 30 people [5]. The characteristic of the respondents included their age composition, gender, education, marital status, family size, the presence of children, the occupation, the place of registration, life expectancy and work in rural areas.

Most people have been living in rural areas for more than 20 years. Almost all villagers conduct a personal subsidiary farm with a personal plot of 7-12 acres of land. Each family has a refrigerator, a TV.In terms of average per capita income in the family, the answers in percentage was distributed as follows: more than half of the rural population are poor and low -income, there are no rice riches.

Residents of small villages by most services are dissatisfied with their inaccessibility. The villagers are spent free time: at home at the TV, going to the forest, fishing, visiting relatives and friends, reception of guests, club events. The problems of rural areas are seen in the poor use of land, lack of jobs, low income, lack of cultural events, unauthorized landfills, inaccessibility of reservoirs, forests, and drunkenness.

The answers of the respondents to the question “If you want your children to live and work in the village, then who would you want to see them? The comprehensive analysis of the territory of the rural municipality indicates that it is characterized by a low standard of living of the population, unemployment, ineffective use of land, unequal access to the services provided-transport, medical, educational, cultural and leisure; Housing construction, extremely low security of social and transport infrastructure, and a deficiency of municipal budgets are poorly developed.

People of the retirement age prevail, the rural community is characterized by adaptive-passive behavior, poorly motivated to independently improve their lives, alcoholism is common, mutual alienation is noted between local residents and visitors, traditions are lost, there is no image of the territory. After the last 25 years, the difference between the urban and rural way of life has turned into an abyss.

The problems of rural territories are not only the problem of the production of high -quality agricultural products, but also the problems of the population living and working on this land. Therefore, in recent years, many villages and villages cease their existence. Young people, seeing the futility of life in the village, travel to the cities. The continuity of generations is lost when the knowledge of the ancestors was passed on to children.

It is necessary to develop the social sphere and engineering infrastructure of villages and villages, create economic conditions for the transition to sustainable socio-economic development of rural settlements [5].