With Eisenstein Biography briefly

Last news, a biography talented student of Vsevolod Meyerhold, the theoretician of cinema, who stood at his cradle, the innovator who achieved the synthesis of the image and action, - Sergey Mikhailovich Eisenstein died on the rise, not having time to realize half the conceived. Behind the successful appearance of the director hid a deeply unhappy person, for whom glimpses of happiness and creative freedom were replaced by black stripes of depression and persecution.

Childhood and youth were born the future classic of cinema 10 on January 22 in Riga, at that time still the Russian Empire. The boy grew up in a wealthy family, where loving parents fulfilled the slightest desire of a son, similar to a little angel with linen hair and gray-blue eyes. The cat, as the heir was sometimes called, rested in the Riga seaside in the summer, and the rest of the time went to the circus, symptographer and theater.

In the house of Eisenstein there were eminent guests, city officials and merchants. Holidays were celebrated on a grand scale. On New Year's Eve - a Christmas tree in gilded jewelry to the ceiling, for birthdays - a garden in illumination, home performances and mountains of gifts. And if it were not for the constant quarrels of adults, every peer could envy the child’s childhood.

He learned to be an architect and settled in a specialty, rushing to the rank of a state adviser and receiving a hereditary nobility. In Riga, dozens of houses designed by him remained today. The grandfather of the director Ivan Konetsky, owned the Nevsky Barboa company, and his daughter Julia Ivanovna received a rich inheritance. However, later the crystal world of family well -being was smashed to smithereens.

The head of the family for four years in court proved his wife's marital infidelity and thereby buried a happy stay of a teenager: at 11 years old, after breaking up his parents, the boy said goodbye to childhood. Mom left for Petersburg, and the son stayed with his father in Riga. He poured longing for his mother in letters, and the woman sent gifts to the child.

Sergei received an excellent education, fluent in three foreign languages, played the piano, painted, fond of the photo, held in the saddle. In M Eisenstein, he graduated from a real school in Riga and next year at the insistence of his father became a student at the Petrograd Institute of Civil Engineers - Mikhail Osipovich wanted to see the heir to the architect. The son submitted to the parent, but the specialty did not attract him: in the memory of the young men a bright mosaic was captured by pictures of circus performances and synematographer seen in childhood.

And also the frames of the trick film, shot by the French director Georges Meles, the inventor of special effects and the pioneer of film fiction. During this period, his creative biography began. The soldier prepared mobile performances, developed sketches and acted as a decorator artist. Two years later, the young man was sent to study at the Academy of the General Staff.

He came to Moscow, where cultural life was in full swing and new performances were staged. The films soon a talented young man took up what he had long dreamed of: he staged performances at the Proletult Theater and studied in directorial courses under the leadership of Vsevolod Meyerhold. The debut film of a young director was released in M: Eisenstein ordered a picture of the All -Russian strike of the year.

The filmmaker tested the invented method of “Installation of attractions” and removed the performance of Leo Trotsky at the seven -thousandth rally. The film "Stoke" received ambiguous reviews of the press and spectators - it was criticized for a complex cinema, but at the same time they called the revolution in the cinema. Subsequently, according to the results of an international survey of critics in Brussels in M, the tape was recognized as “the best films of all time and peoples”, receiving from the votes.

Over time, he was invited to Hollywood. The government released the director on a long business trip. On the way to the United States, Eisenstein visited Europe. In America, a sound film “Potemkin” was expected from the master of cinema. He was entrusted with the shooting of “American tragedy” based on the novel by Theodore Dreiser, but after a while the director was disappointed: the Paramount studio broke a contract with him.

In Mexico, under an agreement with the socialist writer Epton Sinclair, he undertook to shoot the picture “Long live Mexico! The house of Sergei Mikhailovich was waiting for the cold reception and disgrace of the leader. Stalin made sure that the “deserter” could not “climb again to the main movie operators of the USSR”. Subsequently, the filmmaker taught at VGIK, teaching students the theory and practice of directorial affairs.

Sergei Eisenstein and the new facets of art - the facts about the life and work of the famous Soviet director in the spring of Go Eisenstein returned to the profession and undertook to film the story of Pavlik Morozov, naming the picture “Bezhin Lug”. The Main Directorate of Cinematography, without the go -ahead of which not a single film was shot, required a line. As a result, the master rewrote the script, replaced some actors and instead of the scene of the defeat of the church, which caused the greatest criticism, introduced an episode of the fight against fire.

Work on the picture was interrupted by the disease.While Sergey Mikhailovich was recovering, frames were viewed by management officials and suspended production. The director returned to his favorite business three years later. The script of the historical picture “Alexander Nevsky” fell into his hands. Eisenstein again surprised everyone, removing a masterpiece comparable to Potemkin.

The disgraced director was awarded the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree.

Due to the war, shooting went to Alma-Ata. The king was depicted by Nikolai Cherkasov, who had previously played Alexander Nevsky. The director broke the canvas into two parts. The first was released on January 16 - for her, Sergei Mikhailovich was again awarded the Stalin Prize. At the I Locarno Film Film Festival, the jury was awarded for the best operator work. Charlie Chaplin, in turn, called the brainchild of the master "the highest achievement in the genre of historical films." Composer Sergei Prokofiev came to the hospital hospital.

On that day, the devastated patient told the comrade that "life is over, only a postscript remained." Personal life, the work occupied most of the director’s life. The general public knows a photo in which it is captured with a film in his hands. In addition to the fact that Eisenstein created the masterpieces of cinema, he wrote many works in which he reflected the history of this art and the moments of his creative biography.

A family disaster, whose witness Sergey Mikhailovich became in childhood, influenced his personal life. Officially, the director married the film journalist of Perel Poles Vogelman at 36. The wife wanted to give birth to from her beloved child, but she became only a friend and a colleague. In the place of the wife, the assistant Elena TeleSheva took. She was called "Woman Grenader." There was no question of any love between colleagues, according to the memoirs of witnesses.

The fact is that Eisenstein was depressed then, and the woman managed to pull him out of there. The story of the couple dragged on for almost five years, but it is difficult to name this period. Two spouses of Sergei Eisenstein: the director immediately made a reservation about the director’s personal life that there would be no love intimacy between them. Moreover, it is advisable for them to even live separately.

The passion suffered this, hoping that the situation would change. As a result, the assistant could not stand it and tore off the contacts with the author. The master's theoretical justification of his virginity was found in the teachings of Sigmund Freud. Eisenstein explained the rejection of carnal joys with the need for sublimation. However, there were rumors about the close connection of the filmmaker with colleague Grigory Alexandrov.

Together with him, the innovator not only collaborated, but also often traveled. The corresponding photo is freely available. A close friend of Marie Seton, the director, even said: “Those who say that I am homosexual are mistaken. I have never noticed and not notice this behind myself. If I were a homosexual, I would have said about it directly. But the whole point is that I have never experienced homosexual attraction, even in relation to Grisha, despite the fact that I have some bisexual tendency, such as Balzac or Zola, in the intellectual field.

” Hundreds of his homosexual drawings have been preserved in the director’s archive, but it was not possible to find convincing information of his love connection with men during his lifetime. After Elena left, Eisenstein again married Atasheva. After the death of the master, she became the manager of his heritage. The death of the filmmaker died on February 11. The cause of death was a heart attack.

The director’s grave is located on the 4th section of the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. Memory in M ​​in the publishing house "Art" was the first selection of Eisenstein's drawings, thanks to which he became widely known as an artist. Dozens of works are devoted to the life and creative biography of the master. Monograph of Kino Kushnirov, published in the ZhZL series, as well as the book of the author of numerous biographies of celebrities Nikolai Nadezhdin, published as “informal biography”, is popular.

In the year in the house on Smolenskaya Street in Moscow, which was allocated by Atasheva after the death of his wife, the Eisenstein memorial office was opened. He was moved to the VDNH to m. In honor of the director, streets in Moscow, Riga and St. Petersburg are named.