Biography of popular personalities

For several years Andreev Leonid did not leave the mouth of the reading public, each of his novelty literally swept off the book shelves, and the debate about his work went far beyond the scope of literary discussion. The childhood and youth of Leonid Andreev, the future writer was born on August 9 in Orel in the family of land surveyor Nikolai Ivanovich Andreev - and his wife, the daughter of the ruined Polish landowner Anastasia Nikolaevna Patskovskaya, after Leonid, five more children were born in the family - three boys and two girls.

Children's years of the writer took place in his hometown, in a house built by his parents shortly after his birth. Leonid had a particularly trusting relationship with his mother. In the year, Leonid Andreev entered the Oryol classical gymnasium and was soon carried away by reading serious literature. Under the influence of the works of publicist N. Mikhailovsky, an interest in populism was awakened in a teenager.

The ambitious, proud and unbalanced character of Leonid Andreev was very early early: at the age of 15 he thought about suicide, at the age of 16 he lay on his sleepers in front of the rushing railway composition to test himself. The gymnasium student Andreev studied very mediocre and struggled the lessons in anticipation of the change. In the year after the death of his father, a large family was left almost without a livelihood.

The Andreevs lived through the sale of Leonid’s things and enterprise: he painted portraits of 10 rubles for work and wrote for the reward of essays for classmates. At the end of the gymnasium in the year, Leonid Andreev entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. The hungry student life in the capital caused him chronic depression, provoked suicide and became a source for the famous “Nietzschean” stories of the beginning of the century.

In the year, Andreev was expelled from the university for non -payment, but he achieved free training at Moscow University, where he received a diploma in the year. The Moscow student years remained memorable to Andreev, primarily the theater, drunkenness, rampant rampant and passionate love. In October, summer Leonid began a legal career as an assistant to the jury of the Moscow District Court.

Soon he began to cooperate as a court reporter and theater reviewer with the newspapers "Courier" and "Moscow Bulletin". The life of Leonid Andreev with a landmark event in the creative biography of Leonid Andreev was the appearance in the year in the press of the story “Bargamat and Geraska”, from which it is counted by his real literary activity. The story attracted the attention of Maxim Gorky, correspondence began.

Gorky introduced Andreev into the writer's circle, taught a strict attitude to work, and contributed to the publication of the first collection of stories. Acute psychologism, borderline situations, expressive style characteristic of Andreev’s stories contributed to the success of the book. Chekhov and Tolstoy approvingly responded about her, the audience became interested in her.

Before the first Russian revolution, Andreev openly sympathized with the Socialist Revolutionaries and even arrested on suspicion of raising funds for them. His works are gg. Prostitution, terror, suicide appeared in the plots. The stories “In the fog”, “Abyss”, “No forgiveness”, “Red laughter” caused a real excitement around Andreev and brought him the glory of the first writer of their time.

The fashion for Andreev lasted from the GG. Events - GG. Andreev took to heart. He provided his apartment for revolutionary meetings, performed at rallies, and was again subjected to short -term arrests. In the year, Andreev tried himself as a playwright. Although the first play “To the Stars” was banned by censorship, Andreev’s Melpomen was successful on the ways of Melpomene, although a little less than in prose.

His plays were staged by K. Stanislavsky, F. Komissarzhevsky, E. Karpov, V. The acquired material wealth allowed Leonid Andreev to build a spacious villa in the Finnish village of Vammelsuu in the year of the original project. Here, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, he generously hosted guests, traveled in coastal skerries on his own yacht, was engaged in painting, photography and sports, but, first of all, wrote.

His most noticeable creations in the period before the outbreak of World War I - “The Story of the Seven hanged people”, the tragedy of “Anatem”, the play “Anfisa”, the pamphlet “Death of Gulliver”. In August, Leonid Andreev, a striking political rebirth of Leonid, occurred. From the social democratic positions, he switched to patriotic, with all his heart to perceive the slogan of the war to the victorious end and violently exposing German Caesarism.

Andreev’s military journalism at that time entered the “Exchange Vedomosti”, “Day”, “Russian will”, “morning of Russia” and other periodicals. Welcoming the February Revolution, Andreev believed that it would help Russia victory over the “hated German”, and in the Bolsheviks, Lenin and the October Revolution, on the contrary, he saw the collapse of the country. In the year, with the proclamation of Finland's independence, the writer, without leaving his own cottage, was in exile.

In the article "S.In the summer of the year, he tried to cooperate with the anti-Bolshevik North-Western government, who settled in Estonian Tallinn, then performed the US Tour, explaining to the listeners the "genuine essence of Bolshevism." For the same purpose, the writer intended to visit England, but sudden death put a point on all political and other plans. The work of Leonid Andreev Leonid Andreev belongs to a special place in Russian literature.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a bright writing talent, the aesthetics of death and non -being, political radicalism attracted tremendous interest to his work. Subsequently, when the hype subsidized, ethical critics found a lot of shortcomings in the writer - a lack of culture, a lack of humor, symbolist eclecticism. However, in the days of the glory of Andreev, they endowed the epithets of “main talent”, “heir to Leo Tolstoy”, etc.

For the stories and plays of Leonid Andreev, two main manners of the presentation are characteristic. The first is realistic, in which the author sets out any tragic history, and where the tradition of Russian classics is felt with its sympathy for the “extra person”, and the second is symbolist, in which he raises the topical philosophical topics transferred in the modernist way. Andreev’s heroes, akin to the outcasts of F.

Dostoevsky, falling into terrible circumstances, commit low acts or seek God. So, in the story "Abyss" the love idyll is destroyed by group rape; “In the fog”, an infected sexually transmitted disease, the student kills a “guilty” prostitute; In the "thief" three times the convicted recidivist is presented in the form of a longing soul, lost in the world; In the "darkness" the hiding terrorist argues with the inhabitant of a brothel of the soul of the soul.

In his plays and stories, Andreev raised eternal questions all the time: in the “red laughter”-about the madness of the war absorbing the world, in the “governor”-about the spiritual torment of the involuntary killer-chief, in “Judas”-about betrayal, freedom of will and necessity, etc. The riddle of Leonid Andreev, the owner of the rebellious spirit, “ the basics of "and at the same time a believer, still excites his admirers.

The family and personal life of Leonid Andreev Leonid Andreev had a bright appearance and passionate temperament, and therefore was never deprived of female attention. He survived several dramatic novels until he met his first wife to Alexander Mikhailovna Veligorskaya -, the grandson of the poet T. Wedding took place in Moscow on February 10. The writer was happy in marriage, and the death of his wife in the postpartum fever perceived in the year extremely difficult.

They were married in Yalta in April. Colleagues-writers joked that Andreev “started his wife as an addition to the cottage,” but Anna accepted this name, after marriage, she was indispensable for her husband, even despite the stretched relations with his relatives and children from his first marriage. In total, Leonid Andreev had five children: two sons from the first wife, two sons and a daughter - from the second.

The eldest son Vadim - became a poet and lived in exile. The second son of Daniel is - the famous mystic, the author of the “rose of the world”. The third son of Savva - devoted himself to the ballet, the youngest, Valentine - named after the artist V. Serov, was engaged in choreography, writing and translations. The only daughter Vera - also tried her strength in literature.

The death and funeral of Leonid Andreev death overtook Leonid Andreev suddenly, without any warnings. In early September, after the bombing of Vammelsuu, the first Soviet-Finnish war, the writer and his family, moved to the country of the playwright F. Falkovsky in the nearby village of Neivol. The eldest son rushed into the village in search of a doctor, but it all ended very quickly: after two and a half hours the “singer Twilight” was gone.

The writer's wife sacredly believed in the victory over the Bolsheviks and dreamed of burying her husband with honors at home. For five years, the black coffin with the remains of Leonid Andreev stood in a village chapel, and only in the year he was buried in a local cemetery. At the site of the new burial, an octagonal granite stele was installed with the laconic inscription “Leonid Andreev.

Bibliography of the works of Leonid Andreev.