Biography by sociological terms

Try the literature selection service. You can always turn off the advertisement. The Biography Genre as a Social Phenomenon the Article Traces The History of the Genre of Biography from Its Inception to the Present Time. Born in the Era of Antiquity, The Biography Genre Has Constantly Been Evolving, "Adjusting" Itself to the Receirements of Each Era.

Due to Its Flexibility, The Genre Managed Not only to Survive, But Also to Develop. Nowadays, it is Customary to Distinguish Between Fiction, Scientific, Popular and Academic Biographies Depending on the Tasks The Biographs Faces. SOME ResEARCHERS DISTINGUISH THE GENRA of HISTORICAL BIOOGRAPHY, and AUTOBIOGRAPHY IS Consedered A Special Form of Biography. The use of the biographical method makes it possible to hear the “living voices” of the so -called ordinary people, to look from a different angle at the seemingly ordinary situations, to see in the usual non -standard, to fix the facts and phenomena that are “dissolved” or poorly noticeable in the arrays of data from sociological surveys.

List of literature Berto D. Holofast V. Series: Philosophy.

Methods of sociological research. Bourdieu P. Thomas W. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: in 5 vol. Badger, The Biography Genre as a Social Phenomenon. Doi: The article traces the history of the development of the biography genre from the moment of its origin until this time. Having originated in the era of antiquity, the biography genre constantly developed, "adjusting" to the requirements of each era.

Due to its flexibility, the genre managed not only to preserve, but also to develop. Currently, it is customary to distinguish between artistic, scientific, popular and academic biographies - depending on the tasks facing the biographer. The genre of historical biography is somewhat separate, and autobiography is considered its special subspecies. The Article Traces The History of the Genre of Biography from Its Inception to the Present Time.

Nowadays, it is Customary to Distinguish Between Fiction, Scientific, Popular and Academic Biographies -Depending on the Tasks The Biographer Faces. Key words: biography; literary genre; personality; life; hagiography; worldview; mass literature; mass culture; "New biography." Keywords: Biography; Literary Genre; personality; Life Description; hagiography; WorldView; Mass Literature; Mass Culture; "New Biography".

As you know, the theory of literary genres has its history since the time of Aristotle, which in the “poetics” of G., and if, in the folklore stage, the genre was determined from the extra -religious cultural situation, then in the literary era of the genre he receives its essence from its own literary norms, which are codified by rhetoric, which was convincingly demonstrated by Aristotle.

Despite the fact that there are various classifications of literary genres - in form, in content, by childbirth, biography as a separate genre of place was not found in any. Currently, there is a special interest in the books of the biographical genre around the world. In order to make sure of this, it is enough to look at the shelves of bookstores, enter the “Biography” or “Biography” request into the search line of the largest book online stores.

Increased attention to the biography genre did not arise suddenly, but was prepared historically, that is, interest in the genre was always present. The biographical genre in one or another variety existed in the era of antiquity, in the Middle Ages, in modern times. So, from the city of Pavlenkov, the Russian book publisher and enlightener, biographies were published in the series “Life of wonderful people”; In the city of Gorky, and in the city, the series continues today.

The leading position in biography studies is currently occupied by English -speaking and German -speaking researchers. The study of the biography is not engaged in individual researchers, but entire scientific groups and even centers1. The term "biography" comes from two Greek roots -bios letters. It is believed that the word "biography" itself came to the Russian language from French.

In the modern explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, several meanings of the lexical unit “Biography” are given: 1. Biography - biography, living execution, life, life2. Biography is the use of the life and activity of a person; - Peren. He told an interesting case from his biography3. Biography - presentation 1 in the city of Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: in 4 t.

Seeds, the history of the creation of works of literature, art, etc. Biography - biography, life, track record, formular list; The story of life, life path, past, life2. Biography: 1 Description of human life; the genre of historical, artistic and scientific prose; 2 Life of man as a set of his actions, events and mindships3.In the “Brief Literary Encyclopedia” 4, the term “biography” is likened to the term “biography”, and in the “literary encyclopedia of terms and concepts”, which has published almost 40 years, the biography is defined as “the genre of biography; It involves an artistic or scientific understanding of the history of a person’s life, aimed at the search and identification of the origins of the socially significant activity of a person in his individual biographical experience.

A prerequisite for the creation of B. Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. Based on the actual material, the biography reveals the picture of the life of a single person, the development of his personality in connection with the social reality of the era. Currently, it is customary to distinguish different types of biography, depending on the tasks set by it: art, scientific, popular and academic biographies.

The genre of historical biography is somewhat separate, and an autobiography is considered to be a special type of biography. Biography as a genre originates in ancient Greek literature, in the 4th century. The most famous biographical work of antiquity -“parallel biographies” 2 Plutarch [Plutarch,], the ancient Greek philosopher, biographer and moralist OK are usually given as an example of the ancient biography.

With its occurrence, the biography owes the crisis of a policy lifestyle, which contributed to the development of the individual spiritual life of the ancient Greek. In the era of the Middle Ages, interest in the individual as such is somewhat weakens in connection with a change in social reality. So, A. Narkevich writes: “Antiquity did not know the biography genre in the modern sense, nevertheless, outstanding examples of ancient biographies retain their artistic and historical significance Gurevich [Gurevich,, p.

In this era, the biography in the form in which it was represented in antiquity, ceases to exist: the attitude towards a person, to his role in history, is completely changing, therefore, the biography changes its vector and is mainly religious and is represented in European literature almost exclusively by life, or Greek hagiography. Despite the fact that the Greek autobiography.

Mark Aurelius writes “to himself”, and near G. Since the Renaissance is reoriented by the worldview from religious to secular, rationalism is affirmed, the installation of anthropocentrism and humanism begins to dominate, but in this transitional period “humanistic teachings were a complex and bizarre alloy of Christianity with ancient philosophy” [Abramson,,,,,,,,,,,, ,ula.

With. In the Renaissance, interest in a person as a person is intensified, therefore, the works begin to rise in the works that affect the fate of an individual, his inner world, and genres are primarily in demand, which allow this interest to satisfy. Particular interest in secular biographies during this period was noted in Florence, where the compilers of the biographies of the famous 1 Romanov G.

G. The important feature of all these biographies was that how to act as a biographer, and anyone could become a hero - regardless of origin, status, fame. Biographies of prominent politicians of the era are interspersed with stories about ordinary citizens. This approach to the biography also changes the attitude to its form: now every “biographer” can decide for himself what should be mentioned in the biography of his hero, and what can be omitted.

So, in the second half of the XIV century. However, the most famous work of the era created in the biography genre was the “Biography of the most famous painters, sculptors and architects” by Georgio Vazari, the famous Italian painter and architect, who wrote the biographies of outstanding people of art, not forgetting himself. In the era of education, adjustments were made in the development of the biography genre: first of all, this was manifested in the desire to widely use the sources of such a “scientific” approach already with Vasari, to expose them to critical understanding, as well as in a special interest in details.

One of those who appreciated the great possibilities of the genre was Voltaire, a French writer and philosopher. Working on the “history of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great”, Voltaire strives not only for the plot, but also for documentary 1 in the city for the development of the biography genre, it becomes no less important that Voltaire not only writes the stories of the life of great people, but develops a whole program of historical research.

Voltaire identified several basic methods of studying historical material. One of them is a sensible approach. Everything that is not explainable from the point of view of common sense, according to Voltaire, should be rejected. The appearance of the first biographical dictionaries belongs to the same time. For example, in Russia, the purpose of the publication, which includes articles on 54 writers of the X-Hun of the BB.

Novikov saw in making as a complete historical and literary reference book as much as possible. On the example of “experience”, one can see that “scientific”, when compiling biographies, begins to be considered as a fundamental principle. In the XIX century.As a special variety of biography, it becomes possible to talk about a literary biography, in the center of which is the fate of a famous person, and the biographer acquires a higher status: in fact, he is likened to the figure of the writer, since it is no longer perceived as a very worthy, famous and even outstanding person, but as its creator.

Famous poets and writers turn to the biography genre, for example, Sir Walter Scott, who published a number of works on a historical and historical and literary topic: “Death of Lord Byron”, “Biography of the novelists”, “Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French”, “The History of Scotland” in addition to the literary biography in the XIX century. Coleridge, the English poet-romantic, criticism and philosopher.

His “Biographia Literaria, or biographical essays about my literary life and opinions” Biographia Literaria, or Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions, [Coleridge,] –Doil in structure and complex text content; “The name itself exposes the technique of external conflict and at the same time internal unity of different cultural traditions - the rhetorical Biographia Literaria, in which biographical discourse is always a fact of literary scholarship, and modern European, understanding the biography as a description of the events of life Sketches of my Litory Life and Opinions” [Mikhailov,, p.

The biographical principle is clearly present in the work of one of the most famous English novelists of the XIX century. Charles Dickens is already in “Bosa Essays” [see Dickens gives exhaustive characteristics to its heroes and compiles their psychological portraits. In g.