De Custine biography

Born: March 18, Grandfather General, who commanded the Rhine army in the year and father died on the guillotine during the Jacobin terror. The upbringing was engaged in the mother of the nee de Sabra. Partly under the influence of her mother in a difficult period of her life, she demonstrated a remarkable stamina of character and the ability to sacrifice the young Kustin early a drive to travel.

Travel: - years - Switzerland, England, Scotland and Calabria. Later - Spain. In the year, as an assistant to Talleyrand, he participated in the Vienna Congress, which was compiled by the official memoir. In the year, Astolf de Custine married and his son was born. However, his wife died in the year, and his son soon died. After that, Kustin became very religious, the reflection of which can be seen in his work.

The opinion that Kustin, who had bisexual inclinations, appointed a date on the road to the Parisian suburb of Saint-Denis, spread, and the comrades of the soldier beat and robbed Kyustin. After this, Kyustin’s position in Parisian society was shaken. He was taken far from everywhere, and where they took it, often mocked him, but the intellectual and artistic elite did not reject him: Kustin had a wonderful relationship - with Goethe he lived for several months, with Theophile Gauthier, Stendhal, Schopen, Balzac.

In the year, Kyustin invited Prince Metternich to his service. He wrote several historical and journalistic works, issued a description of his travels in England, Scotland, Switzerland, Italy-, Spain and Russia in the year, this convinced monarchist and the master of the road essay visited Russia. In Russia, he is known as the author of the book “La Russian E” Paris, in two volumes; During the life of the author, there were several more publications with slight editing.

Kyustin's stories about the morals of higher Russian society have caused many negative emotions in Russia; Even V. Zhukovsky called Kustin a dog, but could not but admit that most of what was written is true. To some extent, we can talk about the objectivity of the book and the impartiality of its author, based on the fact that he was a royalist to the brain of bones, but the Russian version of the autocracy seemed unacceptable to him.

In the book “Russia in”, the attitude of the Russian intelligentsia to it was discomfort. Interesting facts in the tsarist and Soviet Russia with the full test of the book of Kustin, the Russian reader could get acquainted only with French originals, illegally imported into the country. Several excerpts from the notes of Kustin are incomplete descriptions of the postal tract of St.

Petersburg-Moscow, the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, etc. After the revolution of the year and the weakening of censorship, the Moscow historian V. was explained that the bills were caused by the fact that the Kyustin’s book contains many excessive family and autobiographical details, extremely frequent repetitions, extremely frequent repetitions, extremely frequent recurring There are extensive and not always going to business historical excursions, and ...

Kustin’s book is overloaded with philosophical thoughts. ” This text was reprinted in the same year, SP Interpint with a circulation of Exz. In the year in the Publishing House of Zakharov, a reprint of the text of the year was published. The first complete translation into Russian of both volumes under the author’s name “Russia in the year”, with extensive comments by V. Milchina and A.

Ospovat, explaining the cultural, historical, literary and political realities, was published in the year by the publishing house. Sabashnikov ISBN [4]. Also, this translation was reprinted in, and years, an audiobook came out. A comparison of the full translation with the edition of the year shows that all the illustrations of the general thesis of his book cited by the author were thrown out of the original text - about the addiction of the regime of sole power and the excessive centralization of the bureaucratic apparatus to manage such an extensive territory as Russia.

Kyustin’s forecasts and forecasts of Kustin did not enter the publication of the Political and the image of the rule - about the inevitability of the coming revolution and about its driving forces. There was no place for his considerations about the geopolitical role of Russia, which, according to the author, she could play in the future, without entering conflicts with world powers.

Also, almost all the author’s observations were missed about the slave position and the beggarly existence of the majority of the people of Russia, and all his numerous disturbances about the barbaric, according to the author, Nicholas I plans for the demolition of historical monuments and, in their place, of the ugly new construction in St. Petersburg and especially in Moscow.

And, which is completely inexplicable for the publishing house of former Political and those who suffered during the autocracy: from the extensive and felt descriptions by Astolph de Custin the disasters of the exiled Decembrists and the suffering of their families, the cruelty of royal jerpens and outrageous orders reigning in the Russian police, only a few paragraphs were left in their translation.