Biography d Don

The next page of the poetry of John Donna John Donn - the son of a prosperous merchant who has been related to the great Thomas Mor, grew up in a Catholic family. This largely determined the numerous problems for all its members during the reign of Elizabeth: because of his belonging to Catholics, John Donn, studying in Oxford and Cambridge, could not get a master's degree for a long time, but managed to finish the school of jurisprudence in London.

In years, he took part in military campaigns against Spain. Upon his return to England, he received the place of the secretary with Thomas Edrton, who was the post of Lord - the Keeper of the Press. In the year, Donn married the niece of Edrton Anna Mor. Anna's father was against this union. He did everything to send a young son in prison, and protested the marriage.

By court decision, the marriage of John Donna and Anna was recognized as valid. However, the refusal of Anna in dowry condemned the young family for serious difficulties. Material dependence was the cause of frequent quarrels and breeding in the family. In the year, Donn accepted the dignity of a priest. A treatise written against the Catholic Church, written before this year, testified to a change in the bottom religion.

In the year, Donn becomes the rector of St. Paul's Cathedral. In this post, he became famous as a wonderful preacher. It is known that Donn associated his glory not with poetry, but with sermons, which he always carefully edited and prepared for printing. John Donn was buried in the Cathedral of St. Paul. The creative heritage of the poet John Donna is diverse. The collection of poems was first published only after his death - in the year.

It was opened by an appeal not to readers, as was then accepted, but to "those who understand." The understanding and tension of the spiritual forces of the reader was required by the “wandering of the soul” and “sacred sonnets” - and “anatomy of the world” - a wide circle of readers Donn is known as the founder of the School of Metaphysics. By “metaphysical” poetry, they understood a poetry, devoid of logical clarity and harmony, overly complicated for the reader's perception.

According to N. Mikhalskaya, the “metaphysical school” in poetry reflected the crisis of the Renaissance worldview. The history of English literature. Among the genres that the poet John Donn addressed were satire, sonnet, elegy, message, song. In general, three groups of his works are distinguished:-lyrical poems about the love of “Songs and Sonnet”, Epistles-Writings; ; - satirical poems and elegy; -Religious and philosophical poems and sonnets-prose religious and ethical treatises-"appeals to God at an hour of needs and disasters." Already in early creativity, according to V.

Ganin, one of the most characteristic trends can be distinguished - the rejection of the musicality of the Elizabethan lyrics and the orientation of conversational speech [56 - see this, for example, “messages”.

The messages of Donna are not a conditional genre, but the real letters that he and his friends exchanged in separation: for example, leaving from the plagued London, going to war or on a diplomatic trip to the mainland. It is known that long before the adoption of the priest, Donn was happy to communicate through messages with educated court ladies, such as Magdalene Herbert, who raised two poets sons, or decorating the court of the King of Jacob Lucy Harrington, Countess Bedford.

The messages discover not only the graceful manner of writing, but also the poet’s ability to create a visible image with several strokes, show the customs and portraits of their carriers. So, the messages of Tomas Woodwordo and Edward Gilpin are obviously written during an epidemic of the plague in London, and the messages Thomas Watton and Henry Guder belong to a later time-when they were passionate about the favorably developing court career-so there are so many lunges against the yard and praise Solitude.

Especially characteristic of G. Guder, “encouraging him” leave England and go to the continent. It is interesting how Donn motivates this advice: there are no more than a sense in foreign lands, but at least less shame. In the later message, “Edward Herbert to Julier” is already heard by the future preacher, the Monk Dr. Donn: a man is like a man of animals; The sage, humble, entering them into the ark.

The fool, in which these creatures in Swara are an arena or monstrous vivaria. Those animals that, fringing, gnawing here, all the human in him will eat - and, climbing each other, cattle, the monsters of new ones will be casually cramped. Blessed, who taps these animals and clears the forest of his soul! He protected his lands from evil and can expect the fertile from the Niva, he started goat and horses in the eyes of his neighbors - he did not set up.

Otherwise, to be a bestial forest, at the same time Borov and Bes, which is jealous into the abyss of rushing the stupid. The worst of the Car of Heaven is the whim and disposition. From birth, we absorb, like a sponge, poison of the original misconduct, and the worse than all the well -deserved resentment of us stinging regrets. The Lord crushes us mint like chickens, and we, with our touch of the damned, turn God's gift into the cycut, bringing sinful clergy il heat into it.In us, in ourselves - the salvation of the obstacle: God has no mysterious to a poison that destroys without a goal and need; And even his anger is not from enmity.

We ourselves have a lot of our own punishment and the nurse of the devil into the dwelling of God. Return back, to initial purity - our earthly duty; Those who think in a circle are small in a circle: his greatness cannot be circled by any oval, he will contain everything in himself. The mind is recovering and Vera will absorb, so that we would not dare to invent them; The whole world for them is no more than pills; Although not to anyone for the future, as they say: that one balm, another poison; From knowledge, a fever can become in the brain - or an ice hibernation of an indifference.

Your mind is not like that; Truth and dare, he managed to look into the depths of man; Saturating both the spectacle and the reading, you yourself have become eloquent, you are eloquent and your business: for this, praise is from your friends. Kruzhkova Donn entered the literature during the sunset of the Elizabethan era, when it was still breathing theater, but already in the work of writers of that time a serious internal conflict was increasingly discovered.

It is no accident that one of the contemporaries of the poet - Walter Raili - - exclaimed once: “What is our life? Comedy of passions ”[57 - see series“ Symposium ”. It is in the dream of Raili "Farewell to the yard" the pubis. Shakespeare, indicated in the Monet: all joys passed like a false dream, fun of the days are exhausted to the bottom. Love is deceived, the mind is dull: all the blowjob, the grief is left alone.

One delirium in an unknown path, consoles in the sea took a wave, the spirit goes out, life - in the hands of the fate of the blind: all the blowjob, there is only sorrow. Like a stranger in a foreign country, I call death, so that it goes soon, it leaves summer, not to be in spring: all the blowjob, one grief is left, and the purpose of the arrival of the winter days to let me be concerned with concern to her.

Rogova understanding the whole drama of the world, “John Donn became a cartographer of his own soul,” writes M. But, looking into himself, the poet discovered a whole cosmos, the study and description of which became the goal of his life. I am a small world, bizarrely created from the flesh and angelic essence. The insoluble contradictions between the plastic infinity of the inner world and the conventionality of the bodily shell, balancing on the thin line beyond which the vain becomes eternal, an attempt to unite two worlds, equally having the rights to it, is Discordia Concors, which filled the creations of Donna ”[58 - thanks to M.

Some features of John Donne’s poetics ... S.S. since the poetry grotesque images. He is a clear successor of the baroque tradition. His comparisons are metaphorical in nature: the ship shakes like a patient in a fever; Death is like an attack of nausea, and a person is one of his loneliness, as if frozen in the rod of islands. Like a KEEDO, Donn builds complex associative ties between the meanings of distant concepts, discovers their unexpected and undoubted unity.

So, in the poem “Through Three times,”, the lovely passion, poured in verses, resembles the poet a sea shore that absorbed salt. Tears reflecting the face of a loved one in a “farewell speech about tears” turn into minted coins with her portrait, and in the famous “farewell prohibiting sadness” the metaphor of the lovers, the legs of the circul become, separation is equated to the earthquake: it would be secrets to be a gut to the crowd of the uninitiated.

The shaking will be frozen: everyone is horrified to the collapse, but if the width of heaven trembles somewhere, nothing will touch us. So love is shocked by the earthly - and does not flare up again - separation: it will undermine its pillars, its foundations. And to us, who climbed into such a height above the passion of rude that they themselves did not even undertake to call ...

What are our eyes and lips? Our Tlen will not betray their Tlen, they will leave, but he will not die: like gold the finest layer, it is only worshiped under the oppression. And if there are two shower in it, take a look at how they stretch to each other: like the legs of a circul, they are within the same circle. Oh, how jealous is the one that in the center, after another circle, and after that, straightening the camp, she meets the approach.

Let my path in a circle are far away and the DOLOSTED is a pitch, you are a support and the key that I will return back. Shadrina is a poem written during one of the most severe disagreements with his wife, but with the thought of her, it was the beginning of the poet’s new spiritual wanderings. Already in it one of the central images of his poetry was indicated - a circle, a perfect, stable geometric figure love, social, spiritual circle.

The world of Donna is rather a system of concentric circles merged into a pulsating spiral that changes the properties and capable of taking the size of the universe and contracting to a point, but a point, for the sake of the author’s anthropocentrism, is certainly located in the center, and the key to its stability is again the sphere or the circle of “sunrise”.Such a special cosmic chamber, a painful reaction to the theory of heliocentrism, a feeling of loss of its former stability is noted in the “anatomy of the world” and in the dying “meditation” of Donna: “Our thoughts are born giants: they were extended from the east to the west, from the Earth to the sky, they not only accommodate the ocean and all the lands, they cover the sun and heavenly firmament; There is nothing that my thought would not contain, there is nothing that she could not absorb.

Inexplicable mystery: I, their creator, languish in captivity, I am chained to the body of the disease, while any of my creatures, from my thoughts, is next to the Sun, infuriates the sun above the sun, overtakes the luminary and crosses the Solnechnaya path, ”he says. So, the distinctive features of Donna’s poetry are the complication and unexpectedness of poetic metaphors and syntactic constructions, the courage in the conjunction of the concepts of different speech and mixing of different speech styles, unexpected experiments with poetic stanza, strict conversational intonations, which have replaced the usual melodies of poems, the desire to achieve meaning, using the magic of numbers "Primel." Speaking about the manner of “metaphysicists” poets, J.

Mazceo writes: “For metaphysic poets, the poetic image was valued not because of whether it was possible or not to imagine it visibly-he had nothing to do with his“ physical filling ”. The very nature of the connection established between the phenomena was appreciated in it ”[59 - Mazzeo J. However, the early work of J. Donna is permeated with other sentiments. It is characterized by proximity to colloquial speech, the desire for melodicity, especially when creating songs.

Otherwise, Donn approaches the description of earthly love. Unlike the poets of the Elizabeth period, he challenges many ethical concepts characteristic of the lyrics of that time: instead of glorifying a sophisticated feeling, emphasizes the deliberate eroticism of his poems, knightly fidelity contrasts the requirement of the constant change of partners - “love science”, “love war”, “change” or “song”.

The heir to the Renaissance traditions, the young poet with amazing grace depicts the passion and desire of the flesh: will he meet? And if you are born for miracles and revelations, go on the way through the distance to comprehend the meaning of the phenomena ... You will return to the gray hair to announce miracles ... Let them listen to everything and know: there are no faithful women.

If at least there was one, I would take the staff of the pilgrim ... If they say: here she is, - I will pass calmly by. Be even an angel of purity, but while you write to me, that girl will manage to fall in love with me with three. Tomashevsky is a special place in the poetic heritage of Donna is occupied by a spiritual theme. Samarin pointed out that the circle of mystical God -seeker moods and the delight of religious self -destruction, a feeling of time as a disaster brought down Donna closer to the poets of Baroque [60 - see, as we saw, the constant Baroque gives a special sound to the poet Donna's poems.